Preface: We live in a diverse world and an increasingly diverse society in the United States. This diverse society includes a number of young people who experience some degree of alienation in our classrooms and schools. Through the application of multicultural education concepts, we can strive to create more inclusive classrooms and schools in which our students can see themselves in the curriculum.

Good social studies is multicultural and multicultural concepts make for good social studies!

Multicultural Concepts Culture Cultural Pluralism Diversity is Valued Oneness is not sameness & balancing difference with commonalities Multiple Perspectives Visibility Awareness of Stereotypes

Culture

Cultural Pluralism

Diversity is Valued

Oneness is not sameness & balancing difference with commonalities

Multiple Perspectives

Visibility

Awareness of Stereotypes

What is Culture? Idealized definition: The way our ancestors speak through us.

Idealized definition:

The way our ancestors speak through us.

Culture-Working Definition Learned traditions, loyalties, beliefs, customs that guide behavior of a group of people.

Learned traditions, loyalties, beliefs, customs that guide behavior of a group of people.

We are all multicultural! Members of many groups that have cultural aspects Gender, social class, regional, ethnicity, religious,….. Race??White, Black, ??? Dynamic--our loyalties change over time Complex--groups overlap

Members of many groups that have cultural aspects

Gender, social class, regional, ethnicity, religious,…..

Race??White, Black, ???

Dynamic--our loyalties change over time

Complex--groups overlap

Cultural Elements Values and beliefs Customs and traditions Language/communication patterns Diet and food preparation Dress and/or body decoration Religious practices Family structure View of time may vary Recreation-athletic games

Values and beliefs

Customs and traditions

Language/communication patterns

Diet and food preparation

Dress and/or body decoration

Religious practices

Family structure

View of time may vary

Recreation-athletic games

CULTURE PROFILE: To which group(s) do you belong? 1.Language -- English only; Spanish; Chinese; Vietnamese; Bilingual; Others________________ 2. Ethnicity/National Origin- people in class with at least one ancestor from the areas: Native American-- Tribes/Nations ________________ Latin American --Countries/Regions: Mexico ; Cuba; El Salvador; Panama; South American Country, ________________ Euro-American --Countries/Regions: Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales); Ireland; Germany, France, Italy, Scandinavia; Others ____________ African American-- Countries/Regions ______________ Asian American-- Countries _____________ Arab American/ Middle East --Countries ___________ 3. Religion Christianity Major Branches-- Catholic; Orthodox; Mormon; Protestant Protestant Denominations: Baptist,Congregational; Disciples of Christ (Christian Church); Episcopal (Anglican) Friends (Quaker), Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian Other denominations __________________ Islam (Muslims) Branches of Islam: Shiite; Sunni Judaism (Jewish); Hindu; Buddhist (including Confucianism, Taoism) Other religions______________________ 4. Musical Preference: Country-Western, Rock, Jazz, Rap, R & Blues, Latin, Tejano, Religious, Hip-Hop,Bluegrass 5. Clothes: Casual, formal, uniform, ethnic 6. Food: Fast food, traditional diet, ethnic 7. Drinks: soft drinks, coffee, tea, milk, alcohol 8. Athletics: Golf, Football, Soccer, Basketball, Baseball, Gymnastics 9. Housing: Apartment, Single family dwelling, dorm 10. Living location: City/urban, rural, small town 11. Politics: Democrat, Republican, independent 12. Transportation: Bicycle, walk, auto, bus, subway

Cultural Pluralism Multiple identities and loyalties in a nation Not a melting pot Opposite of Assimilation 1890-1910 population doubled “ PIGS”-- “WASPS” Not a deficit or deprived--different

Multiple identities and loyalties in a nation

Not a melting pot

Opposite of Assimilation

1890-1910 population doubled

“ PIGS”-- “WASPS”

Not a deficit or deprived--different

Diversity Has Value Paradigm shift from deficit, more than tolerance, to view it as a strength Music analogy-unison/harmony; “ same song”---Our song is about equality, civil rights & social justice included in our founding documents!! Analogy from Biology--positive adaptation Political Science --Democracy is inefficient but in the long run the best decisions are made when many points of view are listened to

Paradigm shift from deficit, more than tolerance, to view it as a strength

Music analogy-unison/harmony;

“ same song”---Our song is about equality, civil rights & social justice included in our founding documents!!

Analogy from Biology--positive adaptation

Political Science --Democracy is inefficient but in the long run the best decisions are made when many points of view are listened to

Oneness is not sameness & balancing difference with commonalities E Pluribus Unum Balancing Act Different yes but much more in common

E Pluribus Unum

Balancing Act

Different yes but much more in common

Multiple Perspectives Important social studies concept Not just one story “ Don’t believe anything I tell you” Elian Anglo centric Imbalance “What if Custer’s men had repeating rifles and the kill ratio were higher?” Same math skills could have been applied with bacteria and antibiotics.” “ Settled--Won” Nine Year Freshman Story Singer Quote

Important social studies concept

Not just one story

“ Don’t believe anything I tell you”

Elian

Anglo centric

Imbalance “What if Custer’s men had repeating rifles and the kill ratio were higher?” Same math skills could have been applied with bacteria and antibiotics.”

“ Settled--Won”

Nine Year Freshman Story

Singer Quote

Visibility Posters, Calendars, Bulletin Boards Add history/SS to math to show the contributions of many cultures First Person Reports Many good websites--biographies The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Dr. Sarah Greenwald “Incorporating Mathematical Achievements of Women and Minorities into Schools-…Classroom Activity Sheets http://www.mathsci.appstate.edu/~sjg/ncctm/activities/ Benjamin Banneker Lesson plan at: http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlresources/units/Byrnes-famous/Banneker.html#objectives

Posters, Calendars, Bulletin Boards

Add history/SS to math to show the contributions of many cultures

First Person Reports

Many good websites--biographies

The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/

Dr. Sarah Greenwald “Incorporating Mathematical Achievements of Women and Minorities into Schools-…Classroom Activity Sheets http://www.mathsci.appstate.edu/~sjg/ncctm/activities/

Benjamin Banneker Lesson plan at: http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlresources/units/Byrnes-famous/Banneker.html#objectives

Visibility- Curriculum Materials REACH Center http://www.reachctr.org/ Southern Poverty Law Center http://www.splcenter.org/index. jsp Cobblestone --recent issue on contribution of women in the civil war VOICES Herstory: A collection of stories about women in history http://www.nokomisfoundation.org/herstory.htm

REACH Center http://www.reachctr.org/

Southern Poverty Law Center http://www.splcenter.org/index. jsp

Cobblestone --recent issue on contribution of women in the civil war

VOICES Herstory: A collection of stories about women in history http://www.nokomisfoundation.org/herstory.htm

Visibility Quote ‘“ We, the people.’ It is a very eloquent beginning. But when that document was completed on the seventeenth of September 1787, I was not included in that ‘We, the people.’ I felt somehow that George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in ‘We the people.’” Barbara Jordan, House of Representatives, 1974

‘“ We, the people.’ It is a very eloquent beginning. But when that document was completed on the seventeenth of September 1787, I was not included in that ‘We, the people.’ I felt somehow that George Washington and Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, interpretation, and court decision, I have finally been included in ‘We the people.’” Barbara Jordan, House of Representatives, 1974

Brown Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence and Research http:// brownvboard Brown Quarterly , other resources-- videos National Park Service Brown vs. Board of Education National Historic Site www. nps . gov / brvb curriculum materials, videos & CD’s, Ranger visits, Video: A Case for Equality: Reading, Writing, and Resistance ( elem-middle) Video :Dialog (high school) phone:(785) 354-4273

Brown Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence and Research

http:// brownvboard Brown Quarterly , other resources-- videos

National Park Service Brown vs. Board of Education National Historic Site

www. nps . gov / brvb

curriculum materials, videos & CD’s, Ranger visits,

Video: A Case for Equality: Reading, Writing, and Resistance ( elem-middle)

Video :Dialog (high school) phone:(785) 354-4273

Visibility--Music John McCutcheon “ Travelin’ in the Wilderness” “ Cross that Line”

John McCutcheon

“ Travelin’ in the Wilderness”

“ Cross that Line”

Other Suggested Resources “ Simple Justice ” by Richard Kluger both book (1975) and movie (video) “ Brown V. Board Of Education, A Brief History with Documents”, (1998) by Waldo E. Martin Jr. Black, White & Brown video by KTWU (PBS)website: ktwu.washburn.edu Fry,“The Struggle Against ‘Separate But Equal’—Teaching About Brown v. Topeka,” Southern Social Studies Journal, Vol.30 (1) Fall 2004

Other Suggested Resources

“ Simple Justice ” by Richard Kluger both book (1975) and movie (video)

“ Brown V. Board Of Education, A Brief History with Documents”, (1998)

by Waldo E. Martin Jr.

Black, White & Brown video by KTWU (PBS)website: ktwu.washburn.edu

Fry,“The Struggle Against ‘Separate But Equal’—Teaching About Brown v.

Topeka,” Southern Social Studies Journal, Vol.30 (1) Fall 2004

Visibility-Associations TODOS: Mathematics for ALL http://www. todos -math.org Benjamin Banneker Association www. bannekermath .org NAME

TODOS: Mathematics for ALL http://www. todos -math.org

Benjamin Banneker Association www. bannekermath .org

NAME

Awareness of Stereotypes Stereotype, Prejudice (Bias), Discrimination Cognitive, Affective, Behavior Head, Heart, Hand Jane Elliot’s “Eye of the Storm” Terrible Thomas Jefferson Quote Banneker’s Twelve Page Letter Jefferson Reply-sort of retraction Detect stereotypes in materials

Stereotype, Prejudice (Bias), Discrimination

Cognitive, Affective, Behavior

Head, Heart, Hand

Jane Elliot’s “Eye of the Storm”

Terrible Thomas Jefferson Quote

Banneker’s Twelve Page Letter

Jefferson Reply-sort of retraction

Detect stereotypes in materials

Goals of Students Seeing Themselves in the Curriculum Include: Improving the academic achievement of minority students Build commitment to American ideals of pluralism and democracy Eliminating bias in classroom interactions and learning materials Incorporating minority perspectives into the curriculum Fostering respect and appreciation for the contributions to society that minorities have made

Improving the academic achievement of minority students

Build commitment to American ideals of pluralism and democracy

Eliminating bias in classroom interactions and learning materials

Incorporating minority perspectives into the curriculum

Fostering respect and appreciation for the contributions to society that minorities have made