Unit 3

Answer the following questions 1. Do you like playing video or computer games? Why or why not? 2. Describe to your partner a video game you have ever played. 3. Discuss with your partner on any of the following games in which you are interested or that you have ever played. sports, adventure, target, quiz, chess

1. Do you like playing video or computer games? Why or why not?

Video or electronic games Goldeneye 007: James Bond Mortal Kombat IV ( 龙争虎斗 ) Duke Nukem 3D ( 毁灭公爵 3D) Grand Theft Auto ( 汽车大盗 ) Carmageddon II ( 恶车杀手 ) Postal ( 邮差 )

Goldeneye 007: James Bond

Mortal Kombat IV ( 龙争虎斗 )

Duke Nukem 3D ( 毁灭公爵 3D)

Grand Theft Auto ( 汽车大盗 )

Carmageddon II ( 恶车杀手 )

Postal ( 邮差 )

Goldeneye 007: James Bond

Mortal Kombat IV ( 龙争虎斗 )

Duke Nukem 3D ( 毁灭公爵 3D)

Grand Theft Auto ( 汽车大盗 )

Carmageddon II ( 恶车杀手 )

Postal ( 邮差 )

US States Kan.: Kansas Conn.: Connecticut Wis.: Wisconsin Ark.: Arkansas

Kan.: Kansas

Conn.: Connecticut

Wis.: Wisconsin

Ark.: Arkansas

Replace the red words with words you are familiar with: 2 Standing behind the boys, Wise saw that the video, rated T (Teen) for ages 13 and older, depicted the shooter’s point of view, with his large gun jutting into the bottom of the TV frame. After a few minutes Mike’s friend cornered an unarmed opponent and held the gun to his head at point-blank range. “You can’t get away!” the boy said with a maniacal sneer, taunting the character on the screen. “You’re mine!”

2 Standing behind the boys, Wise saw that the video, rated T (Teen) for ages 13 and older, depicted the shooter’s point of view, with his large gun jutting into the bottom of the TV frame. After a few minutes Mike’s friend cornered an unarmed opponent and held the gun to his head at point-blank range. “You can’t get away!” the boy said with a maniacal sneer, taunting the character on the screen. “You’re mine!”

depict point-blank maniacal taunt picture, describe very close mad laugh at corner sb.: to place or drive into a corner cornered the thieves and captured them. 将窃贼逼入角落并擒住他们

3 The boy pushed the button and shot the character in the face. Blood splattered the lab coat of the character as he whirled and fell. “You’re down!” the boy said, laughing. in, into : directly, heading into He spoke angrily into my face that I should give him a chance. He ran into a friend on the street whom he had lost contact for 5 years. The car crashed into a tree.

3 The boy pushed the button and shot the character in the face. Blood splattered the lab coat of the character as he whirled and fell. “You’re down!” the boy said, laughing.

lab coat

5 Video games have become a pervasive form of entertainment in the 1990s. Today an estimated 69 percent of American families own or rent video and computer games. Most are harmless entertainment, but in far too many of the most popular ones, kids are acting out realistic violent experiences on their TV and computer screens. They are severing heads and snapping spines in Mortal Kombat IV. They are paying a go-go dancer to flash her breasts and then blowing her away in Duke Nukem 3D. They are scorching the high school band with a flamethrower until they burn to death in Postal.

5 Video games have become a pervasive form of entertainment in the 1990s. Today an estimated 69 percent of American families own or rent video and computer games. Most are harmless entertainment, but in far too many of the most popular ones, kids are acting out realistic violent experiences on their TV and computer screens. They are severing heads and snapping spines in Mortal Kombat IV. They are paying a go-go dancer to flash her breasts and then blowing her away in Duke Nukem 3D. They are scorching the high school band with a flamethrower until they burn to death in Postal.

What does pervasive mean? popular Then there was a gradual reversal, less noticeable but more pervasive, of the balance between town and country in the matter of living costs. The first words of the Taoist text, the Tao-te Ching, express a doctrine that is typical of a pervasive Chinese dualism 然后在生活费用方面城乡之间的差距逐渐地颠倒过来，不那么明显，但更加普遍。 道家著作《道德经》开篇便表达了典型的普遍的中国式的二元论。

What does pervasive mean?

6 “These are not just games anymore,” says Rick Dyer, president of the San Diego-based Virtual Image Productions and an outspoken critic of titles with violent and sexual content. “These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. The focus is on the thrill, enjoyment and re­ward. What they’re not learning are the real-life consequences.”

6 “These are not just games anymore,” says Rick Dyer, president of the San Diego-based Virtual Image Productions and an outspoken critic of titles with violent and sexual content. “These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. The focus is on the thrill, enjoyment and re­ward. What they’re not learning are the real-life consequences.”

outspoken Grow as she did, becoming more beautiful, strong and outspoken .

Grow as she did, becoming more beautiful, strong and outspoken .

outspoken As an ardent humanist, Albert Einstein took an active and outspoken stance on the significant political and social issues of his time.

As an ardent humanist, Albert Einstein took an active and outspoken stance on the significant political and social issues of his time.

outspoken The ambassador is an outspoken supporter of military assistance to the groups working to overthrow the current government.

The ambassador is an outspoken supporter of military assistance to the groups working to overthrow the current government.

7 Interactive video games introduce kids to a fantasy world that features amazingly lifelike characters, detailed images of brutality, and an audio mix of heart-pounding music, macabre sound effects and authentic voices. Unlike movies and television, where you watch the violence, the game lets you feel the sensation of committing violent acts. When you’re into the game, you’re in the game.

7 Interactive video games introduce kids to a fantasy world that features amazingly lifelike characters, detailed images of brutality, and an audio mix of heart-pounding music, macabre sound effects and authentic voices. Unlike movies and television, where you watch the violence, the game lets you feel the sensation of committing violent acts. When you’re into the game, you’re in the game.

authentic He's got an authentic letter by Shakespeare. They managed to get the authentic painting by a famous painter off the wall. For teachers, the problem is figuring out whether a student's authorship is authentic . The gold rings on the window show can be extremely attractive and authentic in appearance

He's got an authentic letter by Shakespeare.

They managed to get the authentic painting by a famous painter off the wall.

For teachers, the problem is figuring out whether a student's authorship is authentic .

The gold rings on the window show can be extremely attractive and authentic in appearance

sensation Everyone is aware of the sensation experienced in a lift as it starts to descend, and in a car when it goes over a humped-back bridge. No sooner have I got excited about the cool sensation in my throat than the can is empty. I believe that your forthcoming novel will create a national sensation The author concludes that sensation transfer from packaging to its products is irrational.

Everyone is aware of the sensation experienced in a lift as it starts to descend, and in a car when it goes over a humped-back bridge.

No sooner have I got excited about the cool sensation in my throat than the can is empty.

I believe that your forthcoming novel will create a national sensation

The author concludes that sensation transfer from packaging to its products is irrational.

12 Makers of the more violent games are pushing the outer limits of savagery and depravity. One of the most hotly anticipated videos is the sequel to Carmageddon, in which the player racks up points for mowing down pedestrians. In Carmageddon 2: Carpocalypse Now, your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.

12 Makers of the more violent games are pushing the outer limits of savagery and depravity. One of the most hotly anticipated videos is the sequel to Carmageddon, in which the player racks up points for mowing down pedestrians. In Carmageddon 2: Carpocalypse Now, your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.

sequel: 续集 , 后果 , 结局 Words with seque- sequence consequence subsequence

Words with seque-

sequence This causes a sequence of various reactions from comfort to fear. consequent Our use of chemicals and the consequent damage to the environment is a very serious matter. subsequence The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret.

sequence

Immoral Kombat Mortal Kombat IV ( 龙争虎斗 ) moral mortal combat

Mortal Kombat IV ( 龙争虎斗 )

14 They successfully pressured the video-game industry to adopt a rating system to inform parents of games featuring violent and sexually oriented content. Started in 1994 by video-game developers, the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) di­vides games into five categories: EC for players in early childhood. E for everyone, T for teens 13 and older, M for mature players (17 and above) and AO for adults only. The rating appears on the front of every game box, while on the back are three or four words that describe the content.

14 They successfully pressured the video-game industry to adopt a rating system to inform parents of games featuring violent and sexually oriented content. Started in 1994 by video-game developers, the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) di­vides games into five categories: EC for players in early childhood. E for everyone, T for teens 13 and older, M for mature players (17 and above) and AO for adults only. The rating appears on the front of every game box, while on the back are three or four words that describe the content.

oriented Genes that control our height, weight and even intelligence will be oriented towards fashion.

Genes that control our height, weight and even intelligence will be oriented towards fashion.

oriented People doing manual work are rarely oriented to work itself. Their interests and desires are mainly directed to their family and circle of friends.

People doing manual work are rarely oriented to work itself. Their interests and desires are mainly directed to their family and circle of friends.

oriented Conflicts over how to spend free time are common among successful, career- oriented couples, who may find it difficult to balance job and home responsibilities.

Conflicts over how to spend free time are common among successful, career- oriented couples, who may find it difficult to balance job and home responsibilities.

oriented Many Americans do not display the degree of respect for their parents that people in more traditional or family- oriented societies commonly display.

Many Americans do not display the degree of respect for their parents that people in more traditional or family- oriented societies commonly display.

16 In 1996 the Minneapolis watchdog group NIMF developed a video game report card to help parents make informed choices about the games their kids played. The latest annual report reflects the opinions of parents who evaluate the games based on violence, sexual content and language. Out of 90 titles reviewed, parents concluded that one third, or 31 in all, deserved a more restrictive rating than the one given by the ESRB.

16 In 1996 the Minneapolis watchdog group NIMF developed a video game report card to help parents make informed choices about the games their kids played. The latest annual report reflects the opinions of parents who evaluate the games based on violence, sexual content and language. Out of 90 titles reviewed, parents concluded that one third, or 31 in all, deserved a more restrictive rating than the one given by the ESRB.

informed make informed decisions well- informed people impatient and ill- informed laboratory biologist better informed political opinion voluntary, informed consent. 了解情况后做出决定 消息灵通人士 不耐烦的一无所知的实验室生物学家 更了解情况的政治观点 志愿的心知肚明的同意

make informed decisions

well- informed people

impatient and ill- informed laboratory biologist

better informed political opinion

voluntary, informed consent.

21 When it comes to the effects of video games on children, there’s a double standard in the industry: While publishers trumpet about educational games in helping to develop kids’ learning skills, they discount that violent games can have baser influences on behavior and attitudes. “There has been no evidence to show that video games in­crease violence in children,” says Pat Becker of Electronic Arts, the industry’s largest publisher.

21 When it comes to the effects of video games on children, there’s a double standard in the industry: While publishers trumpet about educational games in helping to develop kids’ learning skills, they discount that violent games can have baser influences on behavior and attitudes. “There has been no evidence to show that video games in­crease violence in children,” says Pat Becker of Electronic Arts, the industry’s largest publisher.

While publishers trumpet about educational games in helping to develop kids’ learning skills, they discount that violent games can have baser influences on behavior and attitudes. trumpet discount

trumpet

22 Video-game developer Rick Dyer, whose company makes only E-rated titles, says the effects on children are “one of the dark secrets that this industry does not want to talk about, and for one reason: they’re making money from it.” It’s the same kind of attitude that has allowed the tobacco industry to contend for so long that nicotine is not addictive. “There’s no concern for the potential price we may pay in society,” Dyer says. “It’s strictly the dollar.

22 Video-game developer Rick Dyer, whose company makes only E-rated titles, says the effects on children are “one of the dark secrets that this industry does not want to talk about, and for one reason: they’re making money from it.” It’s the same kind of attitude that has allowed the tobacco industry to contend for so long that nicotine is not addictive. “There’s no concern for the potential price we may pay in society,” Dyer says. “It’s strictly the dollar.

Study the following contend The patients were contending with social and relationship difficulties. The Euro Disney had to contend with many difficulties when the first financial year ended. Some hackers contend that their goal is both harmless and educational. The lawyer contended that his client was innocent After the big dinner, he had a contended smile on his face. struggling struggle believe believed satisfied

The patients were contending with social and relationship difficulties.

The Euro Disney had to contend with many difficulties when the first financial year ended.

Some hackers contend that their goal is both harmless and educational.

The lawyer contended that his client was innocent

After the big dinner, he had a contended smile on his face.

contend content contact contain contract 斗争 内容，满足 接触 包含 契约

Translation Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that ate becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets.

Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon light-weight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that ate becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets.

在一定程度上，由于无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久以后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接，人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种搜集也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望成为一种理想的装备，提供经由互联网实现的一些全新个性化服务――比如说网上股票交易、博彩、购物及预定戏票和飞机票。

在一定程度上，由于无线网络的发展，电话正在与个人电脑和电视融合起来。不久以后，配有高分辨率显示屏的轻巧手机便可以与卫星连接，人们可以随时随地通话，收发电子邮件或者参加视像电话会议。这种搜集也许还会吸收电脑的许多主要功能。移动通信工具有望成为一种理想的装备，提供经由互联网实现的一些全新个性化服务――比如说网上股票交易、博彩、购物及预定戏票和飞机票。

Listening to the passage and answer the following questions: 1.Why is the United States called “melting pot”? 2.When was the term first used? 3.What are the reasons for those who criticize the idea of melting pot? 4. Who are resistant against the melting pot? a nation created from people who came here from many different countries. 200 years ago by a Frenchman. Some said they were forced to give up their culture. Others said different cultures disappear. Immigrants from Asia and Latin America.

1.Why is the United States called “melting pot”?

5.Once America is no longer a melting pot, what will it possibly be? A salad bowl.

5.Once America is no longer a melting pot, what will it possibly be?

Writing: Balancing facts and views in wiring Be clear about the point of view you are going to explain o discuss in the writing. Decide and select facts that best support your point of views. Develop your discussion with elaborating facts in a logic and relevant way. Draw conclusion from the facts to reinforce your ideas.

Be clear about the point of view you are going to explain o discuss in the writing.

Decide and select facts that best support your point of views.

Develop your discussion with elaborating facts in a logic and relevant way.

Draw conclusion from the facts to reinforce your ideas.

What do you think of the following statement? Do you agree or disagree? Explain why. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.

Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.