DNA vs. RNA

DNA vs RNA
By GBPO

What is RNA?
Nucleic acid involved in putting genetic code into action
long chain of nucleotides
Copied base sequence of DNA that directs protein synthesis

Functions of RNA
Involved only in protein synthesis
Controls assembly of amino acids into proteins

Messenger RNA
Holds copy of original DNA segment
Carries copy to other parts of the cell

Ribosomal RNA
Make up the two subunits of ribosomes

Transfer RNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes as specified

Review so Far
RNA found in nucleus
Basically throw-away DNA copy that puts DNA code to work
Three kinds
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Polypeptides
Proteins are made by joining amino acids in long chains
Only certain polypeptides make up certain amino acids.
Order they are joined determines properties of the different proteins.

Codons
group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA
Specify amino acid needed for protein
In decoding genetic messages the DNA needs to be converted into a strand of RNA that is used to make proteins.

Codons and Polypeptides
The order of amino acids and the function determine shape.
A codon is a three-letter “word” in mRNA that stands for a certain amino acid.
ATG makes one needed for blonde hair

Codons and Polypeptides
Almost all amino acids can be specified by more than one codon
All polypeptide sequences start with the AUG codon (methionine) but certain codons end, or terminate, that chain

DNA vs. RNA

DNA vs. RNA
Sugar
DNA: deoxyribose
RNA: ribose
Bases
RNA: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

DNA vs. RNA
Roles:
DNA: Holds codes for proteins
RNA: Puts codes into action
RNA: single stranded
DNA: double stranded

DNA vs. RNA

by Angellica Sterling

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