Slidecast Andriessen ECKM 2007

Slideshow Transcript

1. Slide 1: Knowledge as Love How Metaphors Direct our Efforts to Manage Knowledge in Organisations Keynote address 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management Consorci Escola Industrial de Barcelona (CEIB), Barcelona, Spain 6-7 September 2007 Dr. Daniel Andriessen INHOLLAND University of professional Education Amsterdam The Netherlands
2. Slide 2: Simplified Chinese 2/30
3. Slide 3: Lakoff and Johnson (1999) 3/30
4. Slide 4: Create an Check where inventory of knowledge is knowledge located KNOWLEDGE AS A RESOURCE Store Improve important access to knowledge knowledge 4/30
5. Slide 5: I got plenty of That took time three hours TIME AS A RESOURCE He wasted This will my time save time 5/30
6. Slide 6: The TIME ORIENTATION metaphor FUTURE PAST 6/30
7. Slide 7: Aymara’s use the opposite 7/30
8. Slide 8: MOVING OBSERVER metaphor EVENT 3 EVENT 2 “will you be staying a long time or a short EVENT 1 time?” \"how long is your visit?\" 8/30
9. Slide 9: MOVING TIME metaphor TIME \"time flies by\" \"the time for action has arrived\" 9/30
10. Slide 10: What happened before the Big Bang? EVENT 3 EVENT 2 EVENT 1 10/30
11. Slide 11: Time traveling 11/30
12. Slide 12: Mapping from source to target Target Source Domain Domain metaphorical (time) (space) entailments Characteristics Characteristics of target domain of source domain not covered by not used by source domain metaphor 12/30
13. Slide 13: Time as a moving object metaphor “arrives” Moving Object Time “flies by” “speed” “length” “direction” “amount” “origin” “scarcity” “destination” 13/30
14. Slide 14: Mapping from sources to target Source SPACE Domain Source Domain Target Domain (TIME) RESOURCE Source Domain Source Domain 14/30
15. Slide 15: Intermezzo 1: truth does not exist 1. as direct observation does not exist because people always use concepts to describe reality… 2. as these concepts derive their meaning from metaphor… 3. as half of these metaphors are embodied in our brain and cannot be shut off or altered… 4. as the choice of the other half is too large extent arbitrary… …we will never be able to perfectly describe and understand reality and ego, truth (defined as correspondence with reality) does not exist. 15/30
16. Slide 16: Conceptualisations of knowledge are metaphorical KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF Knowledge as an object Knowledge as thoughts or feelings “Locate knowledge” “Articulate knowledge” “Recognize knowledge” “Verbalize knowledge” “Move knowledge” “Externalize knowledge” “Exchange knowledge” “Internalize knowledge” Knowledge as a resource Knowledge as organism “Apply knowledge” “Growing knowledge” “Use knowledge” “Nurturing knowledge” “Store knowledge” “Knowledge develops” “Accumulate knowledge” Knowledge as capital “Value knowledge” “Invest knowledge” 16/30
17. Slide 17: Knowledge as Resource metaphor Source Target Domain Domain RESOURCE What the metaphor hides What the metaphor What is not used highlights • Non-rivalry of knowledge • • Use in production Location • Non-additiveness of • • Adding to Size • • knowledge Storing Weight • Tacitness of knowledge • • Sharing knowledge Other physical • Amount of knowledge characteristics • Place in input/output (logistical) system Knowledge becomes part of logistic discourse 17/30
18. Slide 18: Knowledge as Assets metaphor Source Target Domain Domain ASSETS What the metaphor hides What the metaphor What is not used highlights • Non-rivalry of knowledge • Controlled by enterprise • Location • Non-additiveness of • Generate future • Size • knowledge economic benefits that Weight • Tacitness of knowledge • flow to enterprise Other physical • Identifiable and cost can characteristics be measured • Use in production • Place in reporting system Knowledge becomes 18/30 part of accounting discourse
19. Slide 19: Knowledge as Property metaphor Source Target Domain Domain PROPERTY What the metaphor hides What the metaphor What is not used highlights • People can not be • • Location Ownership • • Other physical owned Value • Tacitness of knowledge • Exclusiveness characteristics of • Purposeness of • Legal rights property • knowledge Transferability • Ability to commercialize • Place in legal system Knowledge becomes part of legal discourse 19/30
20. Slide 20: There are big differences between the authors Davenport & Prusak (2000) Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995) 20/30
21. Slide 21: Transformation of entailments require argumentation • Capital is valuable and important √ • Capital is an asset for the future and not an expenditure √ • Capital can be invested in √ • Capital can be capitalized √ • Capital itself can be invested √ • Capital allows for a return √ • Capital resonates with managers and CFO’s √ • Having more capital is better X • Capital can be owned X • Capital can be valued financially X • Capital often appears on the balance sheet X • Capital is additive (1+1=2) X • Capital is a stock X • Capital can and must be measured and managed X 21/30
22. Slide 22: What is wrong with KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF KNOWLEDGE AS STUFF Knowledge as an object “Locate knowledge” “Recognize knowledge” “Move knowledge” “Exchange knowledge” Knowledge as a resource “Gather knowledge” “Store knowledge” “Distribute knowledge” Knowledge as capital “Value knowledge” “Invest knowledge” 22/30
23. Slide 23: Western and Eastern views on knowledge Dominant view in the West Dominant view in the East • Knowledge as a thing that can be • Knowledge as spirit and wisdom controlled and manipulated • Knowledge as unfolding truth • Knowledge as information that can • Unity of universe and human self be codified, stored, accessed and • Unity of knowledge and action used • Knowledge as illumination or • Knowledge as resource that can be enlightenment of an underlying, created, stored, shared, located, or deeper reality moved, and that is part of the input- throughput-output system of the • Knowledge as essence-less and organization nothingness (Japan) • Knowledge as capital that can be • Knowledge creation as a valued, capitalized and measured; continuous, self-transcending that is part of the financial flow and process requires an return on investment 23/30
24. Slide 24: Design of the exercise Employees Metaphor 1 Metaphor 2 Questionnaire Personal reflection Diagnosis and Diagnosis and Gathering Gathering Vote development of development of results results (2 votes per solutions solutions person) Working in teams of 4 plenary session Working in teams of 4 plenary session Managers Metaphor 1 Metaphor 2 Questionnaire Personal reflection Diagnosis and Diagnosis and Gathering Gathering Vote development of development of results results (2 votes per solutions solutions person) Working in teams of 4 plenary session Working in teams of 4 plenary session 24/30
25. Slide 25: KNOWLEDGE AS WATER DIAGNOSIS SOLUTIONS • Knowledge does not flow • Build canals • Separate source of • Flush out and freshen knowledge knowledge • Knowledge is not • Tap knowledge from channeled people leaving • No dispersion of • Create knowledge map knowledge • Managers as knowledge • Hydrocephalus: people channels keeping knowledge to • Knowledge management themselves 25/30
26. Slide 26: KNOWLEDGE AS LOVE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTIONS • Knowledge is not • Provide time and space for cherished sharing knowledge • Lack of trust • Match people’s passions • Unrequited love and tasks • Rivalry and forced • Go out and date more marriages • Hire marriage counselor • Attractive but lonely • Partner-swapping singles • In-breeding • Don’t manage and systemize knowledge • We only talk about our wedding certificate but not about our relationship 26/30
27. Slide 27: Intermezzo 2: problems don't exist • Problems are not phenomena waiting out there in reality to be observed. • A problem is a gap between an existing and a preferred situation (Ist and Soll). • Both the perception of the existing as the perception of the preferred situation depends on how you prefer to look at it • Ergo, a problem is by definition subjective. • \"a problem is an interpretation of a feeling of discomfort“ (J. Kessels) 27/30
28. Slide 28: KM Metaphor Analysis Scoring Form 28/30
29. Slide 29: What would be the outcome of your research if we see knowledge not at stuff but as love? 29/30
30. Slide 30: Thank You! • Dr. Daniel Andriessen • Professor of Intellectual Capital INHOLLAND University of Professional Education • Amsterdam/ Diemen The Netherlands • Daan.andriessen@inholland.nl • www.weightlesswealth.com • +31-204951719 30/30