Amazon CloudFront AWS’s easy-to-use and cost-effective content delivery service, recently added support for five additional HTTP methods: POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS and PATCH. This means you can now use CloudFront to accelerate data uploaded from end users, improving the performance of dynamic and personalized websites that have web forms, comment and login boxes, “add to cart” buttons or other features. In this webinar, we will explain how CloudFront can accelerate your entire website running on Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, an Elastic Load Balancer, or on your own origin server using routes optimized via persistent connections, TCP/IP and other network path optimizations. We will also demo recent CloudFront features such as zone apex support, custom error pages, and content upload (via these additional HTTP methods).

1. Using Amazon CloudFront to Accelerate Your
Static, Dynamic, and Interactive Content
Nihar Bihani, Senior Product Manager - Amazon CloudFront
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2. Why Performance Matters?
• Performance translates to …
• Higher Page Views
• Better Customer Experience
• Higher Conversion Rates
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3. Why Performance Matters?
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4. Why Performance Matters?
Great Amount Of Time and Money Spent Improving BackEnd Infrastructure Performance
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5. Why Performance Matters?
80% of User’s Perceived Latency Comes From Front-End
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6. How do we Improve Performance ?
A Typical Web Application Has …
•
Static or Re-Usable Content
•
•
•
High TTLs
Low TTLs (Customized Content)
Dynamic or Interactive Content
•
Zero TTL
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7. Static or Re-Usable Content
Can be cached (High TTLs or Low TTLs)
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8. Typical Architecture
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9. Dynamic or Interactive Content
Cannot be cached - BUT affects 100% of your viewers!
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10. Why Not…?
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11. Customers Say…
I don’t see the value - each request is unique and must go back
to the origin web server.
AND/OR
I see the value, but my current CDN charges premium rates for
dynamic content acceleration, with many additional fees.
AND/OR
Configuring a CDN for dynamic content acceleration requires
expensive professional services and is not self-service.
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

12. How Can Amazon CloudFront Help?
 TCP/IP optimizations
 Keep-Alive Connections
 SSL Offload
 POST/PUT
 Latency Based Routing
 Low prices, same as static content delivery!
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13. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

14. Unique or Re-Usable Contents?
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15. STATIC or RE-USABLE
Content that does not change for a given period of time.
t0
t1
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16. DYNAMIC OR INTERACTIVE
Content that changes as soon as it gets created.
t0
t1
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17. Example
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18. Example
Index.jsp (Dynamic)
Images (static)
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19. .
Sec
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20. Page Load Time?
.
Sec
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21. Improving Web Application Performance
Accelerating Static Content
Accelerating Dynamic Content
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22. Understanding Waterfall Graph
TCP Connection
Content Download
DNS Lookup
Time To First Byte
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23. Understanding Waterfall Graph
Index.jsp
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24. Optimizing
Static Content
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25. Optimizing Static Content
Index.jsp
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26. Optimizing Static Content With Caching
•
Can be distributed go more than one user
• State of the object doesn't change for: sec,
min, hours,..
•
Caching is a way to serve static content to more than
one user
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27. Caching
origin
edge
location
User Request A
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28. Caching
origin
Get Image
edge
location
User Request A
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29. Caching
Get Image
origin
Get Image
edge
location
User Request A
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30. Caching
Get Image
origin
Image
Get Image
edge
location
User Request A
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31. Caching
Get Image
origin
Image
Get Image
edge
location
Image
User Request A
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32. Caching
origin
edge
location
Get Image
User Request B
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33. Caching
origin
edge
location
Image
Get Image
User Request B
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34. Optimizing Static Content With Caching
Brings content closer to your users
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35. Optimizing Static Content With Caching
Improves the experience and performance
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36. Optimizing Static Content With Caching
Offloads your infrastructure
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37. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

38. Before Caching Static Content = 1.46sec
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39. After Caching Static Content = 770ms
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40. Are We Done?
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41. NOT SO FAST
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42. Waterfall Graph
Index.jsp
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43. CACHE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN
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44. How? I’m caching
all my images, CSS and JS
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45. Steps To Find Cachable Content
1. Collect web (w3c) logs from your web-tier
2. Run a report on your logs (EMR, RDS or redshift)
3. Identify top N URLs
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46. Report Example
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47. Content With Query Strings
110 /factor/create_image?name=book1&size=10x10
Re-usable?
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48. Content With Query Strings
• CloudFront Can Cache Content With Query Strings
• Every Unique Query-string Combination Is A New
Object In Cloudfront’s Cache
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49. API Calls
100 /api/GetBooks?category=math
Re-usable?
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50. API Calls
80 /api/GetBooks?top=10
Re-usable?
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51. What If we Change our time unit?
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52. Caching For Smaller Time Units
•
Goal: Find content that can be cached for any given period of
time
•
•
Minutes
•
•
Hours
Seconds
CloudFront can cache content for any period of time
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53. Caching For Smaller Time Units
1000 /api/GetBooks?top=10
•
Imagine Your Have a Read Heavy API Gets Hit 100 Or 1000
RPS
•
Offload Your Web-tier From Handling 1000 RPS
•
Offload Your Load-balancer: ELB Or Any Other LB
• Provision Less Capacity and Reduce Cost
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

54. Base Page (first HTML page)
220 /index.jsp
Re-usable?
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55. Optimizing
Dynamic Content
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56. Waterfall Graph
Index.jsp
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57. Can Dynamic Content Be Optimized?
Dynamic content is NOT cachable
Content proxied by CDN to the origin and
back
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58. Can Dynamic Content Be Optimized?
Poke
origin
Ok
Poke
edge
location
Poke
Ok
Poke
user
request
user
request
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59. Can Dynamic Content Be Optimized?
That adds latency?
How to optimize dynamic content?
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60. How To Optimize Dynamic Contents?
Index.jsp
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61. How To Optimize Dynamic Content?
TCP Connection
Content Download
DNS Lookup
Time To First Byte
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62. How To Optimize Dynamic Delivery?
Route 53
How??
CloudFront KeepAlive Connections
How??
CloudFront KeepAlive Connections
How??
CloudFront TCP/IP
Optimization
How
Without
Caching??
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63. After Caching/Before CloudFront Dynamic
Acceleration = 770ms
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64. How To Improve DNS Time?
Index.jsp
DNS Lookup
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65. With Amazon Route 53
Amazon
Route 53
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66. Optimizing DNS Response Time
Route 53 is AWS’s authoritative DNS service
Designed to be fast, easy-to-use, and cost-effective
Low Latency DNS Resolution
Global network of DNS servers
Queries routed to the nearest DNS server
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67. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

68. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

69. How To Improve
TCP Connection and Time to First Byte?
TCP Connection
Index.jsp
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70. With Amazon CloudFront
Keep-Alive Connections
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71. TCP/IP Bottlenecks
• Dynamic content is small in size
• HTTP runs on TCP/IP
• TCP penalizes small size requests
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

72. TCP Handshake
• SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK and then data flows
• Handshake delay depends on client <-> server
latency
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73. SYN
SYN-ACK
ACK
Data
TCP Handshake
TCP Handshake
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74. Your Users Today Without CloudFront
•
Users get connected to your infrastructure directly
•
Every user is a new connection
•
More users = More TCP connections
•
Not leveraging keep-alive connections
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75. Today Without CloudFront
Region
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76. Without Keep Alive Connections
• Puts load on your web-servers: Memory/CPU
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77. Without Keep Alive Connections
• Load on your web-server increases the
Time to First Byte
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78. Keep-Alive Connections
• Help you avoid additional connections
• Fewer handshakes
• Improve TCP connection time
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

79. CloudFront Keep-Alive Connections
•
Users get connected to CloudFront
•
CloudFront opens keep-alive connection back to your web-tier
•
CloudFront keeps the connection open
•
Next request uses the existing keep-alive connection(s)
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

80. CloudFront Keep-Alive Connections
• More users
More TCP connections
• Improve response time due to fewer TCP hand
shakes
• Offload your web-tier’s CPU/Memory
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81. Keep-Alive
Region
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82. Test
CPU Util. %
Without CloudFront
20%
With CloudFront
6%
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83. How To Improve Content Download Time?
Content Download
Index.jsp
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84. With Amazon CloudFront
TCP/IP Slow Start Optimization
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85. TCP Slow Start
• Need to control the amount of data exchanged
between two hosts
• Slow-start to avoid overwhelming the Internet
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86. Slow Start Optimization With CloudFront
• CloudFront optimize slow-start
• Slow start impacts new connections, not the existing
ones
• CloudFront uses existing connections  users can skip
slow-start
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87. How To Optimize My SSL Connections?
Index.jsp
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88. With Amazon CloudFront
SSL Termination
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89. SSL Optimization With CloudFront
• CloudFront has the ability to support SSL traffic
• Use a CloudFront cert or bring your own
• SSL traffic gets terminated at the closest CloudFront edge
location
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

90. SSL Optimization Patterns With CloudFront
Two Optimization Patterns:
1. Half Bridge SSL termination
2. Full Bridge SSL termination
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91. Half Bridge SSL termination
Client Gets Connected To CloudFront
HTTPs
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92. Half Bridge SSL termination
CloudFront Connects to Origin Via HTTP
HTTPs
HTTP
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93. SSL Optimization With CloudFront
HTTP
Region
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94. Half Bridge SSL Termination Benefits
•
Encrypted channel between user and CloudFront
•
Termination of SSL closer to the user
HTTPs
HTTP
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

95. Half Bridge SSL Termination Benefits
•
Better performance by leveraging HTTP connections to origin
•
Origin offload by terminating SSL at CloudFront
HTTP
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

96. Half Bridge SSL Termination Benefits
•
Taking advantage of CloudFront keep-alive connections
•
All TCP/IP optimizations apply
Keep
Alive
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

97. Full Bridge SSL Termination
Client Gets Connected To CloudFront Via HTTPs
HTTPs
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

98. Full Bridge SSL Termination
CloudFront Connects to Origin Via HTTPs
HTTPs
HTTPs
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

99. SSL Optimization With CloudFront
HTTPs
Region
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100. Full Bridge SSL Termination Benefits
•
End-to-end encrypted channel
•
Termination of SSL closer to the user
HTTPs
HTTPS
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

101. Half Bridge SSL Termination Benefits
•
Taking advantage of CloudFront keep-alive connections
•
All TCP/IP optimizations apply
Keep
Alive
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102. How To Optimize PUT/POST?
Index.jsp
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103. With Amazon CloudFront
PUT/POST Verb Optimization
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104. PUT/POST Optimization With CloudFront
• CloudFront supports upload verbs: PUT, POST,
DELETE, OPTIONS, PATCH
• Data won’t get cached
• CloudFront proxies data to origin
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

105. PUT/POST Optimization With CloudFront
• Dynamic content optimizations apply:
• Keep-alive connections
• TCP slow start optimization
• Close proximity connection termination
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

106. PUT/POST Optimization With CloudFront
Optimizing form POSTs
Optimizing AJAX POST requests
Optimizing content upload
• Uploading to S3
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107. After CloudFront Dynamic Content
Optimization = 555ms
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108. .
Sec
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109. How To Improve Content Download Time
Even More?
Content Download
Index.jsp
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

110. With Amazon Route53
Latency Based Routing
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

111. Latency Based Routing (LBR)
Run multiple stacks of your application in
different EC2 regions around the world
Create LBR records using the Route 53 API
or Console
• Tag each destination end-point to the EC2
region that it’s in
• End-points can either be EC2 instances,
Elastic IPs or ELBs
111
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

112. Latency Based Routing (LBR)
Route 53 will route end users to the
end-point that provides the lowest
latency
112
© 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

113. LBR Benefits
Better performance than running in a single
region
Improved reliability relative to running in a
single region
Easier implementation than traditional DNS
solutions
Much lower prices than traditional DNS
solutions
113
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114. CloudFront And Route53
Use CloudFront for dynamic content acceleration
Host your origin at multiple AWS locations (or
datacenters)
• US
• Europe
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115. CloudFront And Route53
Create DNS records in Route53 for each location
Let Route 53 do the magic
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116. Route 53 Latency Based Routing
Route 53 measures the latency between CloudFront and
all configured origins
R53 resolves origin’s hostname to the closest location
Content Download
Reduce content download time
Index.jsp
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117. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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118. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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119. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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120. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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121. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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122. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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123. Lower Latency With CloudFront and Route53
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124. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

125. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

126. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

127. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

128. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

129. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

130. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

131. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

132. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.

133. To Summarize…
• Cache Everything You Can – Static and Re-Usable Content
• CloudFront can help speed-up your Dynamic Content, including
uploads
• SSL Termination at the edge helps offload origin infrastructure
• Route 53 Latency Based Routing to improve performance further
• CloudFront is easy-to-use and pricing for Static and Dynamic
content is the SAME!
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134. Customer Story: Low TTLs
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135. Customer Story: Query Strings
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136. Customer Story: Cookies
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137. Customer Story: POST/PUT
“We are excited to use CloudFront's new POST,
PUT, PATCH, and DELETE capabilities to
accelerate our RESTful APIs on Amazon EC2. With
these new HTTP methods we can now take
advantage of CloudFront’s global footprint and
optimized connections back to our origin servers in
AWS. Routing our customers’ API requests via a
CloudFront edge location near them will help
improve their experience by minimizing packet loss
and upload latency. This will help provide a
streamlined experience for our customers.”
- Ilan Rabinovitch, Tech Lead, Site Reliability Engineering
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138. Customer Story: Custom SSL
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139. AWS re:Invent (November 12-15, 2013)
ARC309 Dynamic Content Acceleration - Lightning Fast
Web Apps with Amazon CloudFront and Amazon Route53
MED305 On-demand and Live Streaming with Amazon
CloudFront in the Post-PC World
SVC203 Cache is King – Scale Your Application while
Improving Performance and Lowering Costs
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140. © 2013 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. May not be copied, modified or distributed in whole or in part without the express consent of Amazon.com, Inc.