U13 Everything

Everything is matter CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Contents Everything is matter States of matter Properties Changes of state Particle Theory Pure substances Elements and compounds Synthetic materials Synthetic materials Recycled waste Mixtures Types Solutions Separating mixtures HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Resources HOME Properties of the states of matter How can matter change state? Particle Theory Types of mixtures What is a solution? Separating mixtures Pure substances What are synthetic materials like? What happens to recycled waste? HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Animation: Changes of state Interactive activity: Solids, liquids and gases Links

Principal properties of the states of matter SOLIDS LIQUIDS GASES Physical state Shape Volume
Fixed, if no pressure
is exerted
Fixed
Expand if heated or
contract if cooled
Not fixed
Adapt to shape of
container
Fixed
Expand if heated or
contract if cooled
Not fixed
Occupy all available
space
Not fixed
Expand to occupy
all available space
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How can matter change state? ºC ºC 0 100 FUSION (MELTING) VAPORISATION SOLIDIFICATION CONDENSATION melting point boiling point SOLID LIQUID GAS Specific properties: Substance Water Alcohol Iron Mercury Melting point (ºC) 0 -117 1,539 -38 Boiling point (ºC) 100 78 3,000 357 SOLID GAS HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

How can matter change state? solid gas Sublimation of iodine Directly from solid to gas (sublimation) solid gas Formation of snowflakes Directly from gas to solid (regressive sublimation) GO BACK HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Animation: Changes of state HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Particle Theory Matter is made up of particles in constant motion. . STATES OF MATTER: Changes of state INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE FUSION (MELTING) SOLIDIFICATION SUBLIMATION REGRESSIVE SUBLIMATION VAPOURISATION CONDENSATION HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Liquid Solid Gas

Particle Theory Matter is made up of particles in constant motion. STATES OF MATTER: Changes of state INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE Solid
The particles:
are very close together
have strong attraction
vibrate but do not change
position
FUSION (MELTING) SOLIDIFICATION SUBLIMATION REGRESSIVE SUBLIMATION VAPORISATION CONDENSATION HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK

Particle Theory Matter is made up of particles in constant motion. STATES OF MATTER: Changes of state INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE Liquid
The particles:
are close together
have some attraction
have limited movement

Particle Theory Matter is made up of particles in constant motion. STATES OF MATTER: Changes of state INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE Gas
The particles:
are far apart and move rapidly
in all directions
have no attraction
collide with each other

Heterogeneous Types of mixtures granite Homogeneous sea water The components are clearly distinguishable. There is uniform composition. HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Any homogeneous mixture What is a solution? sea water Solutions solvent solute solution HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Types of solutions

Solutions solvent solute solution What is a solution? Types of solutions solid-liquid solid-solid gas-gas steel (iron and carbon) liquid-liquid gas-liquid alcohol in water HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO BACK

Separating mixtures METHODS Filtration Decantation To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid To separate liquids of different densities Distillation Others To separate two mutually soluble liquids HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK TO SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF SOLIDS TO SEPARATE A SOLUTION OF A SOLID AND A LIQUID

Separating mixtures METHODS Separating iron particles with a magnet HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Filtration Decantation To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid To separate liquids of different densities Distillation Others To separate two mutually soluble liquids TO SEPARATE A SOLUTION OF A SOLID AND A LIQUID TO SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF SOLIDS

Separating mixtures Fuencaliente, Canary Islands Evaporating water to obtain salt METHODS HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK Filtration Decantation To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid To separate liquids of different densities Distillation Others To separate two mutually soluble liquids TO SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF SOLIDS TO SEPARATE A SOLUTION OF A SOLID AND A LIQUID

Compounds (2 or more elements) Elements Pure substances hydrogen oxygen water Types of change electricity CLICK TO SEE CHANGE tin water HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK salt

Pure substances ice Physical change When water changes into ice, it is still water. Compounds (2 or more elements) Elements hydrogen oxygen water electricity GO BACK HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK tin salt

Pure substances Chemical change A new substance is formed: iron oxide Compounds (2 or more elements) Elements hydrogen oxygen water electricity Rust on a tin HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK water salt GO BACK

Pure substances Physical change Salt dissolved in water The water and salt have not changed their composition. Compounds (2 or more elements) Elements hydrogen oxygen water electricity HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK tin water GO BACK

What are synthetic materials like? OIL Plastic Glass
light
strong
impermeable
does not rust
flexible
fragile but hard
does not rust
transparent
Fibreglass Optical fibre Carbon fibre
flexible
strong
does not rust
excellent conductor of light
does not rust
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What happens to recycled waste? Treatment of urban solid waste waste collection domestic consumption transport processing and manufacturing waste classification rubbish dump incineration toxic waste recycling process raw materials compost plastic metal paper glass SEE COMPOSITION HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

What happens to recycled waste? What can you do? R euse R ecycle R educe consumption Composition of urban solid waste 30 % 25 % 7 % 8 % 10 % 10 % 10 % paper organic matter other metals textiles glass plastics GO BACK HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK

Interactive activity: Solids, liquids and gases HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK HOME

Links HOME HOME RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS CLOSE BACK GO TO WEBSITE Matter Particles GO TO WEBSITE

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U13 Everything

by Alkor on Dec 25, 2009

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