Internet Archive 2

The Internet Archive Presented by Alex Craig

Brewster Kahle
Graduated from MIT in 1982 with a degree in Computer Science and Engineering
Studied Artificial Intelligence
Helped found Thinking Machines Inc., manufacturer of supercomputers using parallel processing

WAIS
Wide Area Information Server
Developed 1988
Early internet search software
Offered searching of the contents and databases of computer servers on the internet
Sold to AOL in 1995

Alexa Internet and the Internet Archive
1996, following the sale of WAIS to AOL, Kahle and partner Bruce Gilliat (WAIS), found both the non-profit Internet Archive and the for-profit Alexa Internet simultaneously

Alexa Internet
For-profit Internet Toolbar
Tracks user browsing information to aid future internet searches
The toolbar makes an archive of each website as it is “crawled” - then donated to Internet Archive
Sold to Amazon in 1999

The Internet Archive: The Wayback Machine
Archives “snapshots” of the Internet to create an “internet library”
Originally received copies mainly from the Alexa Internet service, now includes other sources of “donations”
Allows users to see archived versions of websites as they appeared in the past
Because the average lifetime of a website is 100 days, the snapshot is retaken every two months.

The Wayback Machine
Today, a single copy of everything that's on the Net -- equal to 15,000 copies of Encyclopedia Britannica is added every 2 months
The National Science Foundation, Library of Congress, Markle Foundation, Compaq, and Alexa all donate money, software, and equipment to keep the Internet Archive up and running.

Internet Archive: Other Tools
Open Library: Searchable Database for books
Archive-It: Fee-based subscription service that allows members to permanently archive their data
Media Collections: Moving Image, Audio, Live Music, and Text

Internet Archive as Library
Made an official library of the state of California in 2007
The Archive is now mirrored at the Bibliotheca Alexandria in Egypt, this is the only external backup of the archive

Why is the Internet Archive Important?
Preservation of the past
“ Digitized information, especially on the Internet, has such rapid turnover these days that total loss is the norm. Civilization is developing severe amnesia as a result…The Internet Archive is the beginning of a cure - the beginning of complete, detailed, accessible, searchable memory for society, and not just scholars this time, but everyone.” - Stewart Brand (founder of The Long Now Foundation

Mission Statement
“ Libraries exist to preserve society's cultural artifacts and to provide access to them. If libraries are to continue to foster education and scholarship in this era of digital technology, it's essential for them to extend those functions into the digital world… without cultural artifacts, civilization has no memory and no mechanism to learn from its successes and failures. And paradoxically, with the explosion of the Internet, we live in what Danny Hillis has referred to as our “digital dark age”. The Internet Archive is working to prevent the Internet - a new medium with major historical significance - and other "born-digital" materials from disappearing into the past…we are working to preserve a record for generations to come.” (from archive.org)

Controversies
Suzanne Shell - 2005, demanded $100,000 for archiving her website profane-justice.org - they later settled with the Archive offering this statement: “ Internet Archive has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived”

Controversies
2005 - Healthcare Advocates, Inc. - Attempted to sue the Internet Archive for violating the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Settled out of court

DMCA Exemption
2006 court ruling ruling grants exemption to "computer programs and video games distributed in formats that have become obsolete and that require the original media or hardware as a condition of access, when circumvention is accomplished for the purpose of preservation or archival reproduction of published digital works by a library or archive".

"The Net is the No. 1 resource for people…this is how students learn, it's how business is done. If we don't have a memory, we're living in an Orwellian world of our own making." - Brewster Kahle

Internet Archive 2

by AlexCraig on Dec 03, 2009

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Internet Archive 2 — Presentation Transcript

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