Politics, Christianity and Culture in the Polish Internet Structural differences Albert Hupa Institute of Applied Social Sciences, Warsaw University

WWW communities Based on the structure of links a set of sites that have more links (in either direction) to members of the community than to non-members, Flake et al 2000 a guest is more likely to visit other members of this community rather than others, Ackland, Gibson 2004 Based on semantic cohesiveness – a topical based communities a collection of web pages sharing the same topic, Toyoda, Kitsuregawa 2001 every topic consists of authoritative pages, possessing most definitive knowledge and of hubs, Kleinberg 1999 a bipartite core, i.e. consisting of two sets of nodes, in the which all the nodes from one set link to the other, Kumar et al 1999

Based on the structure of links

a set of sites that have more links (in either direction) to members of the community than to non-members, Flake et al 2000

a guest is more likely to visit other members of this community rather than others,

Ackland, Gibson 2004

Based on semantic cohesiveness – a topical based communities

a collection of web pages sharing the same topic, Toyoda, Kitsuregawa 2001

every topic consists of authoritative pages, possessing most definitive knowledge and of hubs, Kleinberg 1999

a bipartite core, i.e. consisting of two sets of nodes, in the which all the nodes from one set link to the other, Kumar et al 1999

Community within a discourse Discourse: communication act sharing the same patterns of: Interactions Linguistic contents Structure of information Topic community is a set of web pages heavily linked together inside a given discourse. Discourse does not constitute a Community!

Discourse: communication act sharing the same patterns of:

Interactions

Linguistic contents

Structure of information

Topic community is a set of web pages heavily linked together inside a given discourse.

Discourse

does not

constitute a

Community!

Question Is the structure of communities connected with the nature of a discourse? Research areas: Politics Christianity Culture

Is the structure of communities connected with the nature of a discourse?

Research areas:

Politics

Christianity

Culture

Web Mining „ Reaper” - topical driven crawler written in Perl and SQL basing on a seed and key words. Mining Algorithm – snow ball Networks of most central domains: Vertex: domain with 200 pages Arc: number of directed links

„ Reaper” - topical driven crawler written in Perl and SQL basing on a seed and key words.

Mining Algorithm – snow ball

Networks of most central domains:

Vertex: domain with 200 pages

Arc: number of directed links

Politics Seed: 26 web sites of major political parties Key words: absolutory, administration, agrari s m, anarchy, ant i semit ism , apartheid, aut hority , b ureacracy , bols hevism , char is m a , Christianity , de colonization , demo c rac y , do c tr i n e , dy ctature , egalitar sim , elit e , fas cis m, federa tion , ideolog y , privilidge , integra tion , Catholic Social Teaching , Catholicism , society , class , coalition , communism , colonialism , c onser vatism , constitution , corporation , radio , television , jury , culture , legitimization , left , right , liberal, ma chiavelissm , monarch y , moral, national , state , nazi, nazi s m, responsibi l ity , ombudsman, op poistion , society , parl i ament, party, patriot, plurali sm , subject , poli tics , polity, popul ation , law , pre si dent, trial , promulgat ion , leader , minist ry , reform, republi c , rewolu tion , spokesman , governance, trial, sejm, senat, senat, appeal , socjal , demo cracy , soc i ali sm , socjalist, society , s overeignty , communication , totalit arism , tr ibune , bill ,, utop y , rule , choice , assembly , community .

Seed: 26 web sites of major political parties

Key words:

absolutory, administration, agrari s m, anarchy, ant i semit ism , apartheid, aut hority , b ureacracy , bols hevism , char is m a , Christianity , de colonization , demo c rac y , do c tr i n e , dy ctature , egalitar sim , elit e , fas cis m, federa tion , ideolog y , privilidge , integra tion , Catholic Social Teaching , Catholicism , society , class , coalition , communism , colonialism , c onser vatism , constitution , corporation , radio , television , jury , culture , legitimization , left , right , liberal, ma chiavelissm , monarch y , moral, national , state , nazi, nazi s m, responsibi l ity , ombudsman, op poistion , society , parl i ament, party, patriot, plurali sm , subject , poli tics , polity, popul ation , law , pre si dent, trial , promulgat ion , leader , minist ry , reform, republi c , rewolu tion , spokesman , governance, trial, sejm, senat, senat, appeal , socjal , demo cracy , soc i ali sm , socjalist, society , s overeignty , communication , totalit arism , tr ibune , bill ,, utop y , rule , choice , assembly , community .

Christianity Seed: 17 major Christian portals (Catholics, radical Catholics, liberal Catholics, traditional Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox Catholicism) Keywords: God, saint, Jesus, ewangely, church, life, Leonard, Ecumenism, Chrys, law, commentary, word, John, religion, Tomas, Christianity, man, Juda, Benedict, day, year, history, people, Vinci, code, Paul, pope, question, marriage, faith, Bible, book, shop, theology, Poland, service, truth, death, Mary, Satan, fact, great, word, prayer, shroud, Ratzinger, radio

Seed: 17 major Christian portals (Catholics, radical Catholics, liberal Catholics, traditional Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox Catholicism)

Keywords: God, saint, Jesus, ewangely, church, life, Leonard, Ecumenism, Chrys, law, commentary, word, John, religion, Tomas, Christianity, man, Juda, Benedict, day, year, history, people, Vinci, code, Paul, pope, question, marriage, faith, Bible, book, shop, theology, Poland, service, truth, death, Mary, Satan, fact, great, word, prayer, shroud, Ratzinger, radio

Culture Seed: 7 major cultural portals Key words: news, party, festival, stars, concerts, contests, projects, meetings, tour, workshops, review, album, banns, dvd, books, mp3, clips, media, Internet, press, radio, forum, coverage, interview, biography, lyrics, galery, pop, alt, rock, metal, heavy metal, club, literature, theatre, archive, architecture, music, culture, film, sculpture, portfolio, comics, opera,

Seed: 7 major cultural portals

Key words: news, party, festival, stars, concerts, contests, projects, meetings, tour, workshops, review, album, banns, dvd, books, mp3, clips, media, Internet, press, radio, forum, coverage, interview, biography, lyrics, galery, pop, alt, rock, metal, heavy metal, club, literature, theatre, archive, architecture, music, culture, film, sculpture, portfolio, comics, opera,

Formal categorization A multi topic portal – a big site on various topics, allowing different communication services, such as blogs, forums, newsletters, and so on, possessing an internal search engine A single topic portal – the same kind as a web portal, but focusing on one kind of a topic A news site – a site focusing on one kind of topic, not offering any communicational services, with the domination of dynamic content and an internal search engine A static page – a site offering (mostly) static information on an institution, topic, hobby, etc, but not on persons. A blog – a site with dynamic content being sorted from the newest to the oldest A personal website with a blog A personal website without a blog A forum An E-shop A link directory

A multi topic portal – a big site on various topics, allowing different communication services, such as blogs, forums, newsletters, and so on, possessing an internal search engine

A single topic portal – the same kind as a web portal, but focusing on one kind of a topic

A news site – a site focusing on one kind of topic, not offering any communicational services, with the domination of dynamic content and an internal search engine

A static page – a site offering (mostly) static information on an institution, topic, hobby, etc, but not on persons.

A blog – a site with dynamic content being sorted from the newest to the oldest

A personal website with a blog

A personal website without a blog

A forum

An E-shop

A link directory

Describing a discourse self consciousness density & transitivity pluralism small reciprocity uniformity high reciprocity stratification variety of possible clustering authority stratification centralization link distribution individualism Domination of blogs and personal pages collectivism Domination of institutional sites, portals and news sites Passive communication Lack of communication software Interactive communication domination of communication software

self consciousness

density & transitivity

pluralism

small reciprocity

uniformity

high reciprocity

stratification

variety of possible clustering

authority stratification

centralization

link distribution

individualism

Domination of blogs and personal pages

collectivism

Domination of institutional sites, portals and news sites

Passive communication

Lack of communication software

Interactive communication

domination of communication software

Politics

Politics

Politics Right Wing

Politics Left Wing

Politics Samoobrona

Christianity

Christianity

Christianity – cluster network

Christianity – common sphere

Christianity Ecumenists and Protestants

Christianity Catholics

Christianity Rationalists

Culture

Culture

Culture

Culture Blogosphere

Culture High culture

Culture Cinema

Culture Photography

Conclusions Antagonistic discourse Nodes inside clusters are dense, reciprocal and triadic i.e. self consciouss, collective and balanced Dialogical discourse Nodes inside clusters are sparse, less reciprocal and less balanced i.e. Self consciousness relates to the discourse, not clusters Individualistic discourse Sparse, static, plural

Antagonistic discourse

Nodes inside clusters are dense, reciprocal and triadic

i.e. self consciouss, collective and balanced

Dialogical discourse

Nodes inside clusters are sparse, less reciprocal

and less balanced

i.e. Self consciousness relates

to the discourse, not clusters

Individualistic discourse

Sparse, static, plural