Pro-Poor Urban Development: China and Africa Workshop - "Affordable Housing Finance in Africa", Dr. Shang Jing - Regional poverty in China 07/30/2012 http://urban-africa-china.angonet.org/

1. Planning for Regional Poverty Alleviation
in Guizhou province of China
Shang Jing, CAUPD
2012.07.30

2. CAUP
D
中
国
城
市
规
划
设
计
研
究
院
CONTENT
General Situation of
Guizhou
Urbanization and
Poverty Alleviation
Pro-poor urbanization
path
1

3. CAUP
D
中
国
城
市
规
划
设
计
研
究
院
CONTENT
General Situation of
Guizhou
Urbanization and
Poverty Alleviation
Pro-poor urbanization
path
1

4. 1. General situation
– Location : Southwest China
– Gross area: 176,000 KM2, 1.8% of
China
– Mountainous region
AUPD
– Urbanization Rate ： 33.8%
– Population: 34,750,000(11,750,000
live in the cities and towns,
23,000,000 live in the countryside)
– Multinational regions ： 18 minority
nationalities, population ratio is
about 38.9%.
4

5. 2. under developed
 The 2010 GDP of Guizhou rank
the sixth from the bottom.
Meanwhile the per capita GDP
was the last one, even 20% lower
than Yunnan, Who was the next
AUPD
to the last.
5

6. 3. rural poverty
 The poor population in the rural area is 11,490,000, (income 1
dollar per day), which takes up 9.4% of the whole poor
popultion of China and 33.8% of the whole population in
AUPD
Guizhou.
 50/88 counties are national level poverty-stricken counties,
with a area of 117,000 KM2, which is 65% of the province.
Most of them are included in the 14州
湖南
广西
重庆
四川
贵 concentrated poorest
云南
5000
4500
areas 。 of the peasant
Income
4000
 Peasants’Income ranks the lowest in southwest China.
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
8
9
1
8
9
1
2
8
9
1
3
8
9
1
4
8
9
1
5
8
9
1
6
8
9
1
7
8
9
1
8
9
1
8
9
1
0
9
1
9
1
2
9
1
3
9
1
4
9
1
5
9
1
6
9
1
7
9
1
8
9
1
9
1
0
2
1
0
2
0
2
3
0
2
4
0
2
5
0
2
6
0
2
7
0
2
8
0
2
9
0
2
6

7. CAUP
D
中
国
城
市
规
划
设
计
研
究
院
CONTENT
General Situation of
Guizhou
Urbanization and
Poverty Alleviation
Pro-poor urbanization
path
1

8. 1. National level
Phases 1 (1978-1992): Reform
and opening-up
Income growth:
AUPD
wage income: ￥ 106185, increased
75%
family business income: ￥ 63562,
increased 790%
transfer income: ￥ 2242, increased
91%
Structure:
wage income: 56%21%
family business income: 33%72
Transfer income ： 12%5%

9. 1. National level
Phases 2 (1993-2000): the initial
stage of urbanization
Income growth:
AUPD
Wage income: ￥ 195703, increased
261%
Family business income: ￥ 6791427,
increased 110%
Transfer income: ￥ 4279, increased
88%
Structure:
Wage income: 21%31%
Family business income: 74%63%
Transfer income: 5%3%

10. 1. National level
Phases 3 (2001-) ： Speeding-up
stage of urbanization
Income growth:
Wage income: ￥ 7722061,
AUPD
increased 167%
Family business income:
￥ 14602526, increased 73%
Transfer income: ￥ 88398,
increased 352%
Structure ：
Wage income: 31%40%
Family business income: 62%49%
Transfer income: 4%8%

11. 2. What did the urbanization benefit the rural
 provided jobs for the peasants, improved the wage income, there’re
two choices they can make: move to the cities or just work there.
 Economy in rural areas is changed by cities: City is a consumption
AUPD
market for rural areas. Family business income grew, which in turn
support and help the structure coordination of local employments,
boosting industrial economy development in both urban and rural
areas. In a word, urbanization is the force of rural industrial
restructuring.
 Received central and local governmental financial support, building
infrastructure and communal facilities in rural areas in order to
improve rural living and producing conditions, elevate qualities of
rural people, and to lay a foundation for sustainable rural
development. 。

12. 3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
2007年西南六省制造业结构比较
 Why wage income is low?
100%
– Lack of employment in local cities:
the process of urbanization was
slow due to the industry structure
AUPD
which is mainly focused on mineral
resources and lack of laborintensive industries.
20
15
80%
10
60%
5
0
40%
-5
20%
- 10
- 15
0%
全国
开采冶炼
贵州
云南
原料加工
广西
湖南
消费品制造
四川
重庆
机械制造
A comparison on urbanization between Guizhou and national
average level in 1978-2010.
12
- 20

13. 3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
 Why wage income is low?
– In 2011, about 7,140,000
people moved out for job,
which is 80% of the labor in
the rural and rank top 1 in
China.
People with University
education per 100,000 people
People with High School
diploma per 100,000 people
People with Middle School
diploma per 100,000 people
People with Primary Scholl
diploma per 100,000 people
Illiteracy Rate
贵州
2500
四川
重庆
8930
5292
Guizhou
V.S National
Level
-3638
14032
7282
-6750
38788
29789
-8999
26779
39373
+12594
4.08
8.74
广西
湖南
+4.66
云南
The wage income
The wage income
2000
1500
1000
500
0
13
0
8
9
1
8
9
1
2
8
9
1
3
8
9
1
4
8
9
1
5
8
9
1
6
8
9
1
7
8
9
1
8
9
1
8
9
1
0
9
1
9
1
2
9
1
3
9
1
4
9
1
5
9
1
6
9
1
7
9
1
8
9
1
9
1
0
2
1
0
2
0
2
3
0
2
4
0
2
5
0
2
6
0
2
7
0
2
8
0
2
9
0
2
– A huge amount of peasant
moved out to work, but the
wage income is low because
AUPD
of the low-level education.
National Guizhou
level

14. 3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
 Why family business income is low?
– Lack of infrastructure: High cost of
construction due to the landform: The
bridges and tunnels of the road is
over 70%. So the average cost is 3
AUPD
times as in the plain area, further
more the fee is also 2-3 times. So does
irrigation works.
14

15. 3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
 Why family business income is low?
– the environment weakness and lack of farmland
– The bad cycle
AUPD
Population
growth
Lack of
farmland
Agricultural outputs per
land （ Yuan/acre ）
Reclaim farmland on the hill
Environment
degradation
15

16. 3. Why is so hard in Guizhou?
 Why family business income is low?
– The rural economy is not sufficiently proved by the urban. Rural industry in
Guizhou is based on food-planting, urbanized agriculture, forestry, fishery
andAUPD husbandry with good economic benefits take up only a low
animal
percentage.
Family business income
Family business income
16

17. 4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development
 In southwest part of China Hunan and
Sichuan are better.
AUPD
2008
2009 the per capita GDP
per capita
GDP (yuan)
Guizhou
Yunnan
Guangxi
Sichuan
Hunan
Chongqing
8824
12587
14966
15378
17521
18025
Poor population
Ten thousand
%
581
555
187
253
171
75
9.0%
8.1%
3.6%
3.4%
3.0%
5.3%
impoverishe
d
rate （ % ）
17.6%
15.3%
4.6%
3.7%
3.1%
3.1%
poverty-stricken counties
number
%
50
73
28
36
20
14
60%
57%
32%
22%
20%
17
31%

18. 4. Case study: Pro-poor Urban Development
 Urbanized area + Characteristic area
– Densely Urbanized Region: promote
development of big cities and urban
agglomeration, provide job vacancies to
rural population in order to facilitate
AUPD
economic efficient development, release
population pressure of Characteristic
regions.
– Characteristic Region: based on local
resources, construct professional cities,
achieve economic development and local
industrial development at the background
of population-decrease.
Total population
Urban population
GDP
Provin Urbanized Characteristi Provinc Urbanized Characteristi Province
Characteristic
Urbanized Area
ce
Area
c Area
e
Area
c Area
Area
万元
万元 %
万元
%
万人 万人
万人 %
万人
万人 %
%
%
万人
湖南
四川
重庆
广西
云南
6343
8911
3277
5288
4529
4716
7233
2451
3258
786
74%
81%
75%
62%
17%
1627
1678
826
2030
3743
26%
19%
25%
38%
83%
1462
2161
1523
944
799
1244
1862
1418
640
335
85%
86%
93%
68%
42%
218
299
105
304
464
15%
14%
7%
32%
58%
13143
13885
6611
7606
6252
11508
11841
5931
5396
2606
87.57% 1634
85.28% 2044
89.72% 680
70.94% 2210
41.68% 3646
12.43%
14.72%
10.28%
18
29.06%
58.32%

19. CAUP
D
中
国
城
市
规
划
设
计
研
究
院
CONTENT
General Situation of
Guizhou
Urbanization and
Poverty Alleviation
Pro-poor Urbanization
Path
1

20. 1.Promote urbanization to let people move
 The only way to improve income and meanwhile protect the
environment is to speed up the process of urbanization first. While
people moving out to urban areas, no matter finding jobs for a short
time or settling down, the bad cycle would be broken.
AUPD
 So the overall route of poverty alleviation is to figure out a path
which works out a good urban development, realizes interactive
development between cities and rural areas, and balances people
and environment.

21. Environment
1.Promote urbanization
 Analyze where is better to be the densly urbanized
area.
 Conditions of developing city and town
AUPD
Agricultural
Mineral
products
Construction
condition
Location &
transportation
Tourist
resources
Existing
towns

22. 1.Promote urbanization: adjust population Structure
 Suggesting an overall arrangement “urbanized area + Characteristic
area”
– Central: densely-urbanized
region: develop metropolitan
AUPD
areas, urban agglomerations to
accommodate urbanized
population and conciliate men
and land contradiction
– West: mineral towns district:
encourage a large move-out of
the rural population to central
region since it is with the
largest rural population and
vulnerable ecology.
– Northwest: agricultural
products processing and
tourism area: develop to be a
region with good job supply
and large rural population
Characteristic
area
Urbanized area
Characteristic
area
Characteristic
area

23. 2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and
economic boosts
 Pay attention to 5 types of urban
development with a good
combination of rural and urban
AUPD
economy: comprehensive urban,
mineral, agricultural characteristic,
national tourism and traditional
agriculture
Ⅰ.Comprehensive
Urban
Ⅱ.Mineral
Ⅲ.Agricultural
characteristic
Ⅳ.national tourism
Ⅴ.Traditional
Agriculture
23

24. 2. Emphatically develop towns with job creation and
economic boosts
 Provide governmental supports on towns which
have important effects on rural economy
according to the distribution of economic
AUPD
factors(such as mineral materials, distinctive
agricultural products, tourism resources etc.)

25. 3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public
services
 In order to improve
the public service,
urban construction
with specific public
AUPD
service is also
provided for the
advance of rural
population quality
 We’ll first study on
the distribution of
urban and rural
population to best
satisfy the demands
for public service
infrastructure.
图 1 村均人口规模
图 3 乡镇域平均面积
图 2 行政村平均面积
图 4 乡镇域平均总人口

26. 3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public
services
 According to population
distribution, 4 levels are divided
(they are regional, town, county
AUPD
and village level ), three public
service infrastructure will be
offered according to the level (they
are regular, additional and shared
system)
Regular
Regional
town
county
village
Additional
Shared
Capi
Capi
tal
tal
Capi
Capi
tal
tal
capit
capit
al
al
县
县
县
县
县
县
重点镇
多乡镇联 合中心
一般建制镇
中心村
新型社区
基层 村

27. 3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public
services
 Allocation of funds for New Rural Construction will be made
according to the demands for public services infrastructure of
different types of towns.
These infrastructures cover domain of education, medical care,
AUPD
social security, culture, housing and employment
Public Education
Type 1 ：
Basic demands
Higher
Profes
Medical Care( family planning)
Nati professioa Preven com comm Nati
Primary
sional
onal
tion
l
1
1
development
11
12
Region Capital
△
△
△
△
△ △
○
△
△
○
Town
pre
unity onal
Welfare
protect
ion
center hen
for
al
Socail Security
city
Key
Count
town
United
y
center
Central
3
14
18
19
21
22 23 24 25
△
△
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sive
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27 28
29
31 32 33 34 35
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28. 3.Pay specific attention on urban planning with public
services
hous empl Administration
Public Culter
ing oyme
and public
Type 2 ： AUPD
compr profession entertainm C. Pro. com Nati insti instit
nt
Improving
ehensi
al
ent
ve
l
Town
m
ity
49
410
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Key
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County
○
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△
town
United
center
center
Village
basic
A.
service S.
Commercial
Gy Gym mun onal tutio ution Instituio Institu
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Regiona Capital
commerce
411 412
n
n
facility
ion
51
61
71 72 73 74 75 81 82 83
84
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29. The end, thanks!