Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting

BUILDING THE CLOUD  Jeﬀ Barr, Senior Web Services Evangelist  jbarr@amazon.com  @jeEarr 

G OALS  F OR  T ODAY   •  Introduce you to AWS  •  Show you how the pieces ﬁt together  •  Provide background for second half of this webinar  •  Answer your AWS and cloud compuRng quesRons 

I NTRODUCING  AWS  •  AWS = “Amazon Web Services”  •  One of our three businesses:  –  Online Retail  –  Seller Business (Marketplace)  –  Web Service Infrastructure  Amazon Web Services •  Pay As You Go Pricing Model  Or “AWS” for short… •  Two Levels:  –  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)  –  Pla_orm as a Service (PaaS) 

B UILDING   THE  C LOUD   •  Business  •  Security  •  Presence  •  Technical 

B UILDING   THE  C LOUD  ‐ B USINESS   •  Amazon’s Brand Name  •  Self‐serve Signup  •  User Accounts  •  Pay As You Go  •  Credit Card Billing 

B UILDING   THE  C LOUD  ‐ S ECURITY   •  Security is Job #1 for Us  •  Designed for MulR‐Tenancy  •  SAS 70 CerRﬁcaRon  •  Security White Paper  –  Physical Security  –  Logical Security  •  Published Best PracRces  •  hfp://aws.amazon.com/security 

B UILDING   THE  C LOUD  ‐ P RESENCE   AWS Regions:  US East (Northern Virginia)  US West (Northern California)  Europe (Dublin)  Asia Paciﬁc (Singapore)  More to come…  AWS CloudFront LocaRons  Ashburn, VA / Dallas, TX / Los Angeles, CA / Miami, FL / Newark, NJ /  Palo Alto, CA / Seafle, WA / St. Louis, MO / Amsterdam / Dublin /  Frankfurt / London / Hong Kong / Tokyo / Singapore / New York 

BUILDING THE CLOUD ‐ TECHNICAL    

A MAZON  E LASTIC  C OMPUTE  C LOUD   •  Amazon EC2: on‐demand compute power  –  Obtain and boot new server instances in minutes  –  Scale capacity up or down as needed  –  $0.085 per hour and up  •  Key features:  –  Support for Windows, Linux, and OpenSolaris  –  Complete ﬂexibility to install any open source or commercial soqware  –  Supports all major web and applicaRon pla_orms  –  MulRple Availability Zones  –  ElasRc IP Addresses  –  ElasRc Block Storage  –  ElasRc Load Balancing    –  Auto Scaling  –  Amazon CloudWatch 

A MAZON  R ELATIONAL  D ATABASE  S ERVICE  (RDS)  •  Create a new relaRonal database with one API call  •  Oﬄoad common administraRve tasks to AWS  •  Use exisRng code and tools  •  Scale up processing or   storage with one API call  •  Recover database using   snapshot or log ﬁle  •  MySQL 5.1 

AWS P ACE   OF  I NNOVATION  – 2010  » Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances   » RDS SSL Support      with Windows, Extra Large High   » CloudWatch EBS Metrics      Memory Instances  » S3 Console Support  » Amazon S3 Versioning Feature  » Import/Export API  » Consolidated Billing for AWS  » CloudFront HTTPS Support  » Lower pricing for Outbound Data   » CloudFront POP in NY      Transfer  » Singapore Region  » CloudFront Price ReducRon  » RDS in Europe  » ElasRc MapReduce updates  » ELB sessions  2010  Jan  Feb  Mar  Apr  May  Jun  Jul  » ??  » Amazon SNS  » ??  » ??  » RDS Console Support  » S3 Reduced Redundancy Storage  » AWS SoluRon Pages  » RDS MulR‐AZ  » CloudFront Streaming Logs  » VPC in Europe 

F INAL  T HOUGHTS   •  AWS Trends:  –  ConRnuous innovaRon  –  AddiRonal services  –  AddiRonal features  –  AddiRonal locaRons  •  This is the Rme to learn and start to use the cloud! 

G ETTING  S TARTED  W ITH  AWS  •  Create developer account at hfp://aws.amazon.com  •  Download access keys, SDKs, developer tools  •  Build and deploy applicaRon  •  AWS Blog: hfp://aws.typepad.com  

Hosting Drupal on AWS http://acquia.com/resources/ acquia-tv Barry Jaspan Senior Architect, Acquia barry.jaspan@acquia.com @bjaspan Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

Acquia Hosting Overview •  Managed web hosting for Drupal •  High performance, scalability, availability •  Combined infrastructure- and application-level support from one vendor •  Single or multi-tier •  Load balancers, web nodes, database clusters, memcached, network ﬁlesystems, ... •  One instance, separate instances, or any combination •  Automated •  We provisioned for a “20M uniques on day one” customer ... in a few minutes. Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

Load balancing on AWS •  No hardware LB is available •  Round-robin DNS to web nodes is bad for high-availability •  Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) •  CNAME requires http://www.TLD •  Limited ﬂexibility (but now with stickiness!) •  Elastic IP address (EIP) + software LB •  Allows http://TLD •  Only one EIP per server •  We use nginx for LB and Varnish for caching Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

File sharing on AWS •  Drupal needs a POSIX filesystem for user- uploaded files •  Elastic Block Store (EBS) is single-instance •  rsync does not scale past N=2 web nodes •  S3FS is worse than useless for this •  Too slow, non-POSIX, unreliable, unsupported •  A network filesystem is required •  NFS? •  More later... Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

HA load balancer •  Load balancer might fail •  Elastic IP •  Requires a hot spare •  EIP must be reassigned to a hot spare •  Elastic Load Balancer •  For us, can’t talk directly to web nodes •  nginx provides virtual host ﬂexibility, concurrency protection, etc •  Varnish provides caching •  Also requires a hot spare (or second active instance) Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

HA lesystem •  NFS •  Cannot tolerate server failure •  Not replicated •  DRBD with virtual IP reassignment won’t work •  AFS •  Tolerates server failure •  Not replicated •  GlusterFS •  Replicated and distributed •  GPL, commercially supported, under active dev •  Easy to use, tricky to optimize just right Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

HA database •  Multi-AZ Relational DB Service (RDS) •  Failover takes 3 minutes •  Active/passive master MySQL replication •  Must avoid “split-brain” operation •  All web nodes must fail over simultaneously •  Heartbeat with virtual IP reassignment not possible •  Failover mechanism must itself be HA •  Using MySQL proxy just leads to the same problem •  Requires synchronous app-level failover •  We store db election in GlusterFS •  Any other HA replicated data store would do Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

Machine con g •  All these instances need to be built •  Incremental custom AMIs •  Time consuming during development/debugging •  Poor fit for source-code control •  Leads to mystery configurations •  Automated configuration scripts/language •  Incremental updates are simple •  Good fit for source-code control •  Known process from a clean, base AMI •  Combining the two may be best Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

Elasticity •  Elastic scalability means dynamic conﬁguration •  Balancers: info on all web nodes •  Web nodes (Drupal): info on all db servers •  FS servers: info on all EBS volumes to use •  FS clients: info on all FS servers to use •  All (re-)started instances get a new IP •  EIPs are limited and cost more to use •  All servers need current internal IPs •  Admins need current external IPs •  Requires frequent manual updates, or Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc. automation

Email from AWS •  AWS IPs are on many spam blacklists •  Can’t reliably be used to send mail •  Requires a non-cloud mail server or service provider •  Note: Jeff tells me this situation has improved Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

Everything else •  I’ve only talked about cloud-speciﬁc issues •  To self-host (anywhere), you also need: •  Backups •  24x7 monitoring •  Ops staff •  Caffeine •  Ibuprofen Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting © 2010 Acquia, Inc.

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Amazon Web Services Building Blocks for Drupal Applications and Hosting

by Acquia on Jul 14, 2010

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