Electricity

Electricity SNC1D0

What is electricity?
Electricity is the energy generated from the transfer of electrons
Electrons are located on the outside of atoms, and can easily move in or out of atoms

Electric Charges
When objects have no loss or gain of electrons, they can be considered “neutral”
When an object gains electrons, it becomes “negatively” charged
When an object loses electrons, it becomes “positively” charged

Law of Electric Charges
“ Like charges repel one another, and unlike charges attract one another.”
An object with opposite charges will attract each other
A charged object and a neutral object will attract each other
Same charged objects repel each other
Neutral objects have no effect on each other

Types of Electricity
There are 2 main forms of electricity
Static electricity refers to when electrons are built up on an object
Current electricity refers to a flow of electrons

Conductors and Insulators
Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow freely through them (metals)
Insulators are materials that do not allow easy flow of electrons (rubber, plastics)

Static Electricity
Static electricity can be generated through a variety of ways:
Friction - electrons rub onto another object
Contact - electrons jump onto another object

Electrostatics
Electrostatics refers to the ability for something to hold onto electrons, the study of static electricity
Something with a greater hold on electrons can “steal” electrons from something with a weaker hold
(Weak hold of electrons)
Acetate
Glass
Wool
Cat fur, human hair
Calcium, magnesium, lead
Silk
Aluminum, zinc
Cotton
Parafin wax
Ebonite
Plastic
Carbon, copper, nickel
Rubber
Sulphur
Platinum, gold
(strong hold on electrons)

Electrostatics
Example:
If you rub a glass rod with a piece of silk, the electrons go to the silk from the glass
The silk becomes negatively charged
The glass becomes positively charged
(Weak hold of electrons)
Acetate
Glass
Wool
Cat fur, human hair
Calcium, magnesium, lead
Silk
Aluminum, zinc
Cotton
Parafin wax
Ebonite
Plastic
Carbon, copper, nickel
Rubber
Sulphur
Platinum, gold
(strong hold on electrons)

Charging by Contact
When a charged object touches a neutral object, it becomes charged as well
Example: When you touch a charged sphere, the electrons jump into your body and charge your hair

Method of Creating Static Charges

Current Electricity
Current electricity refers to a flow of electrons
A continuous source of electrons flow from one place to another

Electricity

by Abbi

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