2. Rules:
No talking while the reporters
are talking in front
Ask questions at the end of the
report
Listen very carefully because
not all the needed informations
are on the provided handouts
3. Objectives
to be able to know the
functions of the circulatory
system
to be able to determine and
describe the parts of the
Circulatory system
5. The Circulatory System
•The circulatory system is an organ system that
passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes
and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to
and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and
help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain
homeostasis.
•The human circulatory system has three main parts:
• (1) the heart
•(2) the blood vessels
•(3) the blood
•A watery fluid called lymph, and the vessels that
carry it, are sometimes considered a part of the
circulatory system
8. Heart
The heart is a muscular organ a
little larger than your fist
weighing between 7 and 15
ounces (200 to 425 grams). It is
responsible for pumping blood
through the blood vessels by
repeated, rhythmic contractions
9. •The heart is a two sided, four
chambered pump. It is made up
mostly of muscle. Heart muscle
or cardiac muscle is very special.
Unlike all the other muscles in
the body, the cardiac muscle
cannot afford to get tired.
Cardiac muscle is always
expanding and
contracting, usually at between
60 and 100 beats per minute.
10. The heart consists of the following parts:
•Aorta: It is the largest artery and carries
oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest
of the body.
•Superior Vena Cava: Deoxygenated
blood from the upper parts of the body
returns to the heart through the superior
vena cava.
•Inferior Vena Cava: Deoxygenated
blood from the lower parts of the body
returns to the heart through the inferior
vena cava.
•Pulmonary Veins: They carry
oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the
heart.
11. •Pulmonary Arteries: They carry blood from
the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
•Right Atrium: It collects deoxygenated blood
returning from the body (through the vena cavas)
and then forces it into the right ventricle through
the tricuspid valve.
•Right Ventricle: It collects deoxygenated
blood from the right atrium and then forces it
into the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
•Left Atrium: It collects oxygenated blood
returning from the lungs and then forces it into
the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
•Left Ventricle: It is the largest and the
strongest chamber in the heart. It pushes blood
through the aortic valve and into the body.
13. Blood Vessels
-Blood vessels are an integral part of the
circulatory system. These components
assist in the transportation of blood
within the body, often in and out of the
heart. There are three basic types of
blood vessels: the capillaries, which
exchange water and chemicals between
the blood and tissues; the arteries, which
carry blood away from the beating heart
and the veins, which transport blood
from the capillaries to the heart, thus
enabling the heart to continue beating.
15. Blood
-The blood consists chiefly of a
liquid called plasma and three
kinds of solid particles known
as formed elements. Plasma is
made up mostly of water, but it
also contains proteins,
minerals, and other
substances.
16. Blood is the fluid of life,
transporting oxygen from the
lungs to body tissue and carbon
dioxide from body tissue to the
lungs. Blood is the fluid of growth,
transporting nourishment from
digestion and hormones from
glands throughout the body. Blood
is the fluid of health, transporting
disease fighting substances to the
tissue and waste to the kidneys.
18. There are four different
blood types. These are:
•Type A
•Type B
•Type AB
•Type O
19. A person with type A blood can
donate blood to a person with
type A or type AB. A person
with type B blood can donate
blood to a person with type B or
type AB. A person with type AB
blood can donate blood to a
person with type AB only. A
person with type O blood can
donate to anyone.
22. Red blood cells perform the
most important blood duty. A
single drop of blood contains
millions of red blood cells
which are constantly traveling
through your body delivering
oxygen and removing waste. If
they weren't, your body would
slowly die.
24. The white blood cells are
continually on the lookout for
signs of disease. When a germ
does appear, the white blood cells
have a variety of ways by which
they can attack. Some will produce
protective antibodies that will
overpower the germ. Others will
surround and devour the bacteria.
26. Platelets are irregularly-
shaped, colorless bodies that are
present in blood. Their sticky
surface lets them, along with
other substances, form clots to
stop bleeding. When bleeding
from a wound suddenly
occurs, the platelets gather at
the wound and attempt to block
the blood flow.
28. The body's circulatory system really
has three distinct parts:
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
CORONARY CIRCULATION
29.
30. • PULMONARY CIRCULATION - is the
movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart again.
• SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION - supplies
nourishment to all of the tissue located
throughout your body, with the exception
of the heart and lungs because they have
their own systems.
• CORONARY CIRCULATION - refers to the
movement of blood through the tissues of
the heart.
32. PULMONARY CIRCULATION
• Deoxygenated blood goes back to the
heart, entering the right atrium throughout
vena cavae.
• The right atrium pushes the blood through
a one-way valve into the right ventricle
which pushes the blood into the pulmonary
artery which leads to the lungs. Exchange
of gases happens in lungs.
• Oxygenated blood passes through a one-
way valve into the left ventricle where it will
exit through aorta and continue its journey
throughout the body.
34. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
• Oxygenated blood enters blood vessels
through aorta. The contraction of left
ventricle forces the blood into the aorta
which the branches into smaller arteries
which run throughout the body.
• The oxygenated blood then enters the
capillaries. The waste products are
collected and the deoxygenated blood
flows into the veins in order to circulate
back to the heart.
37. OXYGENATED BLOOD ENTERS THE ARTERIES AND
CONTINUES TO TRAVEL THROUGH SMALLER
ARTERIES AND ARTERIOLES UNTIL IT REACHES THE
CAPILLARIES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE CAPILLARIES
ENTERS THE VENULES THEN TRAVELS TO THE VEINS
UNTIL IT REACHES THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART
BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH ARTERIES TO THE
LUNGS,WHERE IT BECOMES OXYGENATED AGAIN.
46. HEARTBEAT
• The heart beats in a rhythmic
manner, endlessly and without
rest during the entire life of a
person. Contraction of the walls
of the atria pushes blood to the
ventricles. Contraction of the
ventricles pushes blood out of
the heart and into the arteries.
47. 5 Major Stages of
Cardiac Cycle
• Early Diastole
Semilunar (SL) valves are closed
Atrioventricular (AV) Valves are
open
Whole heart is relaxed
• Atrial Systole
Atrium Contracts
AV Valves open
Blood flows from atrium to
ventricles
48. • Isovolumic Ventricular
Contraction
Ventricles begin to contract
AV an semilunar valves are closed
• Ventricular Ejection
Ventricles are empty and contracting
SL Valves are open
• Isovolumic Ventricular Relaxation
No blood enters the ventricles
Ventricles stop contracting and
begins to relax
SL Valves are closed
52. Aortic aneurysm is bulging in the
wall of the aorta, the largest artery of
the body. Aortic aneurysm is due to
aortic dissection (tear in the aortic
wall) or defect in the aortic wall. A
rupture of the bulging may cause
heavy bleeding or hemorrhage.
Aortic aneurysm can be developed as
a complication of certain other
diseases such as obesity,
atherosclerosis and high blood
pressure.
54. Angina is pain or discomfort in
the chest area, due to blockage
in the blood vessels leading to
the heart. The symptoms of
angina are observed when there
is insufficient supply of oxygen
and blood to the heart. Chest
pain may last for about 10
minutes.
56. Arrhythmia is a heart
problem, characterized by
irregularity in the heart rhythm.
Symptoms may vary from very
slow to fast heart rhythm.
Arrhythmia can be a congenital
or an acquired problem. In case
of acquired arrhythmia, it can
occur at any stage of life.
58. Atherosclerosis is hardening of
the arterial wall (usually medium
and large arteries) due to
formation of plaque or atheroma.
The plaque may be composed of
cholesterol, calcium and fatty
deposits. Atherosclerosis may
hamper the blood circulation or
at times, it can even stop the
blood flow. A person suffering
from this problem experiences
sharp pain in the affected area.
60. High blood pressure or
hypertension is a
condition, when the systolic
pressure exceeds 140 mmHg
and diastolic pressure exceeds
90 mmHg. It is mostly caused
due to hereditary reasons or
unhealthy lifestyle habits such
as heavy drinking and
smoking.
61. Thank You for
your Cooperation!!
Renz Carmelo Ibay
Fatima Nurmie Ninting
Allan Christopher Vega
Claire Talictic
Any Questions?
