Nnfcc market review feedstocks issue twentyfive april 2014

Welcome to the April 2014 issue of our feedstocks market
review! Each month we review the latest news from across the
feedstocks market. This service is exclusively for NNFCC
members.
Contents
Land use & Sustainability........................3
Market.............................................................4
Research & Development .......................6
Wood & Crop...............................................7
Residues & Wastes ..................................10
Events ............................................................11
Feedstock Prices........................................13
Issue Twenty Five
April 2014
Issue Twenty Five
April 2014
NNFCC Market Review | Feedstocks

NNFCC Market Review, April 2014, Page 2 of 14
Foreword
Welcome to the April 2014 issue of our Feedstocks market review!
This month’s news is full of solid biofuels success stories. The wood pellet
production industry in the US is growing at an unprecedented rate. The US
industry is planning a pelleting capacity expansion of 25%, to its current 13
million metric tonnes capacity. Major developers are typically existing
players like Fram Renewable Fuel LLC, Enviva LP, German Pellets GmbH,
Zilkha Biomass Energy, and Drax Biomass. According to a new report from
Pöyry management-consulting, the current global market volume for
biomass pellets is around 16 million metric tons and is projected increase
to 46 million by 2020.
Underpinning the soaring market expansion of solid biofuels, tools and
mechanisms to satisfy sustainability criteria and quality assurance are
gradually being set in place.
According to the new IPCC report, to attain climate change resilience in a
growing bioeconomy world, development has to be delivered taking
consideration of environmental and social sustainability. A key imperative
to this is setting up of ambitious goals and taking measures to secure
sustainability during transition from an oil to a bio-based economy.
In support of this ambition, a new wood fuel report from industrial
stakeholders in the UK identified that wood pellets supplied through a high
quality supply chain significantly exceed DECC’s requirement for 60%
reduction in GHG’s.
The International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) is developing a
new fuel standard for solid thermally-treated biomass. The new standard
designated ISO 17225-8 will define the fuel quality classes and
specifications of graded and densified solid biofuels produced from
thermally treated biomass (torrefaction).
Read on for the latest market news.

Land use &
Sustainability
Industry research into sustainability of
UK pellets
Renewable energy from wood fuel has major
potential as a sustainable and efficient way to
produce heat which can be used to warm homes
and businesses, provide hot water and drive
industrial processes. However, the benefits
accrued from utilising wood fuel for this purpose
depend on the sustainability of the source and
emissions accruing from land-use production,
harvesting, transportation and conversion.
An industry-funded briefing "Delivering the UK’s
renewable heat objectives through wood fuel" sets
out the position of some of the UK’s leading pellet
manufacturers, distributors and suppliers of wood
pellet boilers for heating on the issue of
sustainability. It provides data obtained from
current production and distribution within the UK
wood pellet industry and emissions of CO₂ from
every stage of the supply chain are analysed.
The authors have sought to illustrate the journey
and emissions from supplying biomass pellets
typically available in the UK, to provide insight
into a real journey from forest to radiator. The
results show that wood pellets supplied through a
high quality supply chain significantly exceed
DECC’s requirement for 60% reduction in GHG’s.
Click here for more information.
RSB launches simplified certification
process for Bonsucro certified entities
The Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB)
is pleased to announce that Bonsucro certified
operators will now be able to access RSB
certification through a simplified audit process to
demonstrate compliance, therefore saving costs
and time.
A released RSB study concludes that RSB and
Bonsucro sustainability standards have significant
overlap on most of their requirements. Supported
by the ISEAL Alliance, the comparison reveals that
Bonsucro certified sugarcane could be de facto
considered compliant with most of the RSB's
twelve Principles and Criteria. RSB has additional
requirements for Rural and Social Development
and Food Security.
This collaboration between RSB and Bonsucro will
enhance the development of advanced
biomaterial pathways by increasing the supply of
sustainable sugar products and ethanol material
to biofuel and bioenergy producers.

Market
New standard in development for
thermally treated biomass pellets
The American Society of Agricultural and
Biological Engineers has announced that the
international community has approved a new
International Organization for Standardization
project to develop a standard for thermally
treated and densified biomass fuels.
The document, designated ISO 17225-8 will define
the fuel quality classes and specifications of
graded, densified, solid biofuels produced from
thermally treated biomass. It will cover pellets and
briquettes from various raw materials and will
apply to fuels intended for either industrial or
non-industrial use. This project is currently at the
working draft (WD) stage.
ASABE is accredited by the American National
Standards Institute as the administrator for the
U.S. technical advisory group to the ISO
committee on solid biofuels, TC 238, which was
established in response to growing global trade in
the subject commodities.
Global Pellet Demand Rises
Source: CanadianBiomassMag
In the next eight years, significant growth is
predicted in wood fuel pellet markets worldwide.
Europe will continue as the largest source of
demand, with markets also emerging in Asia.
Growth in production will continue in North
America, but new production is being established
in nearly all wood fibre baskets worldwide.
In addition, pellets produced from agricultural
products and through innovative processes such
as torrefaction may also emerge to some degree.
The fact is that no region or technology remains
the obvious leader for prudent investment
decisions. With growth nearly tripling by 2020,
each region and technology has its own unique
pros and cons.
The current global market volume of biomass
pellets of around 16 million metric tons annually
(mt/a) is projected by Pöyry to increase to 46
million mt/a by 2020, representing a total market
value of up to $8 billion U.S. The adoption of
biomass fuel pellets is largely driven by policy and
financial incentives in much of the world, and this
will continue to be the case. However, this reliance
on traditionally unpredictable policy incentives
adds a level of uncertainty. Increasing influence
from fossil fuel prices will also play a larger role in
the future.

A giant step for pellet production
As Fram completes each of five production lines, the
Port of Brunswick stands ready with a recently
deepened shipping channel that allows larger bulk
vessels to berth and accommodate the port;
Source: BiomassMag
More than 4 million metric tons of new wood
pellet production capacity are currently under
construction throughout North America, over 3
million tons of which are scheduled to come on
line this year, and 600,000 tons in spring 2014.
Such capacity growth is unprecedented in the
North American pellet industry, which is
comprised of some 160 facilities, with a total
installed capacity of around 13 million metric tons.
Not only will the capacity added this year grow
the industry’s output by nearly 25 percent in just
one year, but facilities scheduled to come on line
in 2015 will bring the two-year expansion closer to
33 percent.
Growth in the pellet sector is largely coming from
the construction of a much smaller fleet of
supersized plants. Whereas the average installed
capacity in the pellet industry’s existing 159
operational plants is under 80,000 tons per year,
the planned capacity at the production facilities
scheduled to come on line in the next two years is
350,000-plus metric tons per year.
Tightening in US domestic pellet
supply after cold winter
US Pellet retailers and consumers in some
Northeast and Midwest locations have learned a
lesson this heating season, as many have run out
of pellets and are facing difficulties securing
additional supplies.
The general consensus amongst pellet producers
on what, exactly, that lesson should be is that
ordering or buying pellets too late in the season
leads to inaccurate demand estimates.
Cory Schrock, plant manager of White Pigeon,
Michigan-based Fiber By-Products, said:
“Most producers aren’t operating at full capacity,
but that’s because they aim to supply what the
market demands.”
“Producers have an average operating capacity of
50 to 60 percent, because that is all the market
requests of us. Couple that with one of the coldest
and hardest winters on record so consumer usage
is up, and skyrocketing propane prices, and
consumers have turned to wood pellets.”
Novozymes launches LpHera, an
enzyme to make starch conversion
more efficient
Novozymes headquarters; Source: IlBioeconomista

Novozymes – the Danish biotech company which
is world leader in industrial enzymes - announced
yesterday the launch of a new enzyme solution
(LpHera) that helps make starch conversion more
efficient. The starch industry is one of the longest-
standing markets for enzymes, and within the
food industry helps to produce a wide range of
sweeteners and ingredients used in products
ranging from soft drinks to sauces.
Thomas Nilsson, Global Launch Manager for food
at Novozymes says:
“Customers have been asking for new ways to
make starch conversion more efficient. LpHera
simplifies the process and offers significant
savings to starch processors.”
“Through boosting yields, cutting chemical usage
in half and facilitating water and energy savings,
LpHera saves a starch processor up to 1 USD per
metric ton of substrate. Starch plants vary in size
and can process from 0.2 to over 1 million ton of
substrate each year. So if a plant process 0.5
million ton of substrate, they can so save up to 0.5
million dollars per year compared to today’s
technology.”
Research &
Development
Ensiling as biological pretreatment of
grass (Festulolium Hykor): The effect
of composition, dry matter, and
inocula on cellulose convertibility
Total organic acids vs.DM, for four cuts; Source: Elsevier
Grass biomass is a prospective type of
lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy and fuel
production, but the low dry matter in grass at
harvest calls for new pretreatment strategies for
cellulosic conversion. In this published peer-
reviewed article from Denmark, ensiling was
tested as a biological pretreatment method of the
high yielding grass variety Festulolium Hykor.
The biomass was harvested in four cuts over a
growing season. Three important factors of
ensiling: biomass composition, dry matter (DM) at
ensiling, and inoculation of lactic acid bacteria,
were assessed in relation to subsequent enzymatic
cellulose hydrolysis. The organic acid profile after
ensiling was dependant on the composition of the
grass and the DM, rather than on the inocula.
High levels of organic acids, notably lactic acid,
produced during ensiling improved enzymatic
cellulose convertibility in the grass biomass.
Ensiling of less mature grass gave higher
convertibility.
Low DM at ensiling (<25%) resulted in the highest
cellulose convertibilities, which ranged from 32 to
70% of the available cellulose in the four cuts after
ensiling. The study confirms that ensiling can
enhance cellulose convertibility of green biomass,
and provides new insight to ensiling as a
biological pretreatment method for green
biomass conversion.

Wood & Crop
Forth Energy pulls out of Scottish
biomass projects
The planned biomass plant in Dundee had attracted
controversy; Source: BBC
Forth Energy said it was not continuing with
renewable energy projects in Grangemouth and
Rosyth and was seeking new backers for the
schemes. The plans for a plant in Dundee have
also been withdrawn altogether.
The news came after key backer Scottish and
Southern Energy (SSE) announced it was pulling
back from renewable energy projects.
Forth Energy, a joint venture between Perth-based
energy giant SSE and Forth Ports, had won
consent from the Scottish government for the
wood-burning biomass plants in Grangemouth
and Rosyth. However, the Dundee proposal, which
carried a similar price tag, had been held up by a
government inquiry after plans were rejected by
the local city council.
UK power generator Drax aims to hit
50% biomass output by 2016
Drax produced almost 3 TWh of electricity from
biomass in 2013 and aims to increase this to half
of all its electricity output by 2016, the 4 GW coal-
fired generator said Tuesday in an annual results
statement.
The company produced a total of 26.2 TWh in
2013, down from 27.1 TWh in 2012. Availability in
its coal-fired generation operation fell to 84%
from 86%, while availability in its biomass
operation reached 88%.
Good progress was reported on optimization of
Drax' first converted biomass unit, which the
generator expects to achieve output of 630-MW,
with efficiency "only 0.5% less than coal," it said--
considerably better than expected.
"Our overall target is to achieve a capacity of 645-
MW using standard woody biomass," it said. "We
have already demonstrated that we can achieve
this higher output under special conditions when
using particularly high calorific sustainable wood
pellets."
Laundry liquid set to be the first of a
range of products to use algal oil, in a
move designed to reduce demand for
controversial palm oil
Source: Ecover

Ecover has developed the first laundry liquid in
the world to use oil sourced from algae as an
alternative to palm oil, demand for which has
widely blamed for rainforest clearances and the
loss of crucial habitats.
The liquid, set to be available from August, is to
be the first of a range of products that Ecover says
will help reduce dependence on palm and palm
kernel oil by replacing it with innovative new
natural oils produced from algae.
The company has already replaced palm oil
surfactants in its cleaning range with European-
sourced rapeseed alternatives and uses 100 per
cent sustainably certified palm oil in those
products where palm oil is still used.
However, even sustainably certified palm oil has
been criticised by some environmental groups,
who claim that palm oil plantations around the
world are continuing to indirectly drive
deforestation, leading to increased greenhouse
has emissions and habitat loss.
Ecover said that using algal oil instead of palm oil
safeguards biodiversity and, because it can be
produced locally, results in lower CO2 emissions
and improved supply chain transparency.
Valensa supplier launches major
expansion of natural astaxanthin
biomass capacity
A covered greenhouse facility with runways for
cultivation of microalgae; Source: Contract Biotics
Valensa International and Contract Biotics have
announced that Contract Biotics has started
construction of an additional six acres of algae
production units at the company's San Diego
County facility.
Slated to come on-line in the fall of this year, the
expansion will more than triple Contract Biotics'
current biomass production and thus play a crucial
role in helping Valensa meet the market demand
for its line of formulated, condition-specific
Astaxanthin-based products.
Contract Biotics is a U.S. based wholesale
producer of a wide variety of high quality algae
biomass. The California facility is unique because it
employs a hybrid greenhouse technology to
protect the production ponds from outside
contamination unlike other producers who
employ "open" ponds. The use of U.S.-sourced
biomass combined with its Florida-based organic
certified extraction facilities makes Valensa the
only "Made in America" Astaxanthin supplier on
the market today.
As one of the most powerful known fat-soluble
antioxidants, Astaxanthin has long been
recognized for its ability to protect against cell
damage caused by oxidative stress.
Solvay launches production of
torrefied biomass, a new solution that
contributes to energy transition
Solvay has launched the production of torrefied
biomass at an industrial scale in the United States,
creating a new business that aims to provide an

innovative and renewable energy solution. This
business will be run by the recently created Solvay
Biomass Energy joint venture between Solvay and
U.S. company New Biomass Energy (NBE).
Torrefied biomass is produced in Quitman,
Mississippi at a plant that was built and developed
by NBE. Solvay will provide its industrial expertise
to more than triple annual production capacity to
250,000 tons by the end of 2014 from 80,000 tons
currently. Solvay Biomass Energy will use by-
products, such as sawmill residues, from the highly
developed timber industry in the area’s managed
forests.
Solvay Biomass Energy, majority-owned by
Solvay’s business unit Solvay Energy Services, is in
charge of the plant’s operations and maintenance,
feedstock sourcing, logistics and technology as
well as of the product’s marketing mainly to
energy producers in Europe and Asia.
Vega Biofuels enters joint venture to
build torrefaction facility
Source: BiomassMag
Vega Biofuels Inc. recently announced it has
entered into a joint venture agreement to build
and operate a pilot torrefaction facility in South
Carolina that will manufacture the company's bio-
coal and biochar products.
Vega Biofuels and its partners, including Agri-Tech
Producers LLC, are building the state of the art
facility in Allendale, S.C. The new joint venture
entity will operate under the name ATP-SC LLC
and will produce various torrefied products. The
joint venture partners plan to build additional
plants around the world and the Allendale pilot
plant will be a model for those plants.
Columbia, S.C.-based ATP is in the business of
manufacturing and selling cost-effective
torrefaction equipment to be used to manufacture
torrefied materials and solid fuel. ATP has licensed
and commercialized the innovative torrefaction
technology originally developed by North Carolina
State University.
Scale test of Giant King Grass grinding
equipment for Nicaragua Power Plant
VIASPACE has conducted a full production scale
test of Giant King Grass grinding equipment in
Portland, Oregon. 6,000 pounds of 18 foot tall
Giant King Grass stalks were cut and shredded in a
few minutes in a test of a candidate grinder for
the power plant being developed in Nicaragua.
VIASPACE CEO Dr. Carl Kukkonen reported:
"An electrically powered grinder is lower cost and
has lower maintenance than a diesel powered
grinder. We plan to install the grinder in our fuel
processing and short-term storage facility just
outside the power plant. Since it is a stationary
and large machine, the only way to test it was to
bring the Giant King Grass to the grinder. That is
what we did. Our production needs are 36 tons
per hour, 24 hours per day, and 365 days per
year."

Residues &
Wastes
Waste-based biofuels sector needs
smarter EU 2030 package to realize its
high potential
Report cover; Source: EuropeanClimate
UPM participated together with a coalition of
technology innovators and green NGOs in a
project for which results have recently been
published. Europe has a significant untapped
potential for converting wastes from farming,
forestry, industry and households to advanced
low-carbon biofuels, but only if it sets a strong
sustainability framework and ambitious
decarbonisation targets for transport fuels in
2030, finds a new report entitled “Wasted:
Europe’s Untapped Resource.”
The project found that if all sustainable waste
from farms, forests, households and industry were
used for transport fuels, there could be sufficient
fuel to displace about 37 million tonnes of oil
annually by 2030. To put this in context, this
technical potential would be equal to 16 per cent
of road transport fuel demand in 2030.
David Turley of NNFCC, who led the economic
analysis, said: “Our analysis indicates that once
deployed at scale, advanced biofuels from
agricultural and forest residue feedstocks would
require little or only a modest additional incentive
to stimulate production at prices comparable to
that of current crop-fuelled technologies.”
Veolia proposes 20MWth EfW CHP
plant in Hertfordshire UK
Veolia, the UK’s leading waste management
company, already operate two important CHP
facilities in Sheffield and in London and its
proposed facility in Hertfordshire, which is
awaiting planning approval, could provide a
further 20MWth of heat – enough for 60,000 MWh
per year to heat the equivalent of 4,000 local
homes.
If approved, the proposed Recycling and Energy
Recovery Facility (RERF) in Hertfordshire will
generate sufficient power to the National Grid
through the energy recovery process to power
around 50,000 Hertfordshire homes and save the
local authority around £667 million, but while it is
delayed those savings are being lost, waste
continues to be sent to disposal or recovery
facilities outside the county and we are unable to
use the waste as a source to heat local homes.
French biomass group Albioma to open
more biogas plants
Source: Albioma

The company specialises in generating electricity
from sugarcane waste in France's overseas
territories. It has opened two biogas plants in the
region around Poitiers in 2013 and plans to open
three or four more this year, of which one will
inject purefied methane into the French gas
network.
Albioma has a pipeline of 22 methanisation plants,
in which it will invest about 200 million euros in
coming years. The plants will use manure,
agriculture waste and slaughterhouse waste and
will be built in France's western and northwestern
agricultural regions. The first two plants have
capacities of 2 and 0.5 megawatt respectively.
The year is here for cellulosic ethanol
industry
T
Abengoa went the extra mile to ensure area farmers
know how to avoid overharvesting corn stover, the
feedstock for its Hugoton cellulosic ethanol plant in US.
Source: BiomassMag
Those in the cellulosic ethanol industry know “five
more years down the road” as a phrase that’s
been associated with commercial-scale cellulosic
ethanol production for a very long time. With the
close of 2013, it’s safe to say that timeline is no
longer relevant, as the time has finally come.
In the advanced biofuels arena, no cellulosic
ethanol projects have been watched more closely
than those being built by Poet-DSM Advanced
Biofuels, Abengoa Bioenergy and DuPont
Industrial Biosciences. Together, these three
cellulosic ethanol plants rise from the plains and
fields, acting as beacons to the advanced biofuel
industry that is just pulling its ship to shore.
One of the most daunting tasks in bringing a
cellulosic facility on line might not be so much the
technology and equipment challenges, but the
procurement of feedstock.
Christopher Standlee, executive vice president at
Abengoa Bioenergy says:
“We’ve built numerous ethanol plants of our own
and we know what the construction process is
like.” “We know our technology works, we’re
comfortable with our ability to handle the product
once it’s there, but one of the biggest challenges
is the massive amounts of feedstocks that you
have to deal with.”
Events
LCA Workshops on 29-30 April in York,
UK
Following the success of our
previous Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) workshops, NNFCC and
North Energy bring you two new training
workshops providing you with insight into how
LCA's work and their applications. The workshops
take place over two days;

 Day 1: 29 April 2014. Introduction to LCA
Workshop
 Day 2: 30 April 2014. Advanced LCA
Workshop.
Seaweed for Biofuel on 21 May in
Oban, Scotland
Seaweed for Biofuel is organised by the Algal
Bioenergy Special Interest Group and Innovation
Norway and is aimed at enhancing collaboration
and addressing supply chain challenges around
developing a sustainable and robust algal biofuel
network.
World Waste to Energy City Summit
2014 on 21-22 May in London, UK
Registration is now open for the third annual
World Waste to Energy City Summit, taking place
in London in May 21-22, 2014, will once again
bring together the leading players in the
advanced waste to energy sector with the most
active funders in the market for two days of
interactive debate and networking.
20% delegate discount off registration for
NNFCC members.
Oleofuels 2014 on 11-12 Jun in
Dusseldorf, Germany
The change of name reflects the fact that the
event will now cover all fuels made from oils &
fats including biodiesel, HVO & bio jet as well as
take a more global view, which is key especially
when it comes to certain feedstocks.
The two-day conference will bring together the
leading executives and experts from across the
entire value chain for two days of informative
presentations, interactive discussion & excellent
networking opportunities.
2nd International Conference on Algal
Biorefinery on 27-29 Aug in
Copenhagen, Denmark
This international conference aims to share
research experience on aquatic biomass resources,
both micro-, and macroalgae as a potential source
of food, feed, biochemical, biofuels and
biofertlizers.
The Bioenergy from Forest Conference
on 15-18 Sep in Helsinki, Finland
The Conference will focus on the factors affecting
the future of bioenergy and biobased modern
technologies and business solutions, including
logistic systems, management, total procurement
chains, the effects of the energy markets, the
influence of green marketing and other trends

affecting forestry, agriculture, industry and
climate.
Biofuels International Conference 2014
on 24-25 Sep in Ghent, Belgium
The conferences will focus on the latest
developments in biofuels policy, international
biofuels trading, sustainability, solutions for first
generation producers, progress in advanced
biofuels and information on feedstock pricing and
trends
Feedstock Prices
UK spot prices of wood pellets, and wheat and barley straw, as recorded on April
10th. Arrows indicate rise ↑, unchanged – or fall ↓ from previous month.
Date
UK Wood Pellets Delivered
(£/tonne, 5% VAT)
UK Ex-Farm Barley Straw
(D1000)
(£/tonne)
UK Ex-Farm Wheat Straw
(D1000)
(£/tonne)
April 10 235.00-285.12 (↓-–) 50.00-75.00 (– -–) 40.00-65.00 (–-–)
For wood pellets prices we considered UK pellet traders selling prices.
For details on straw spot prices, see www.fwi.co.uk

UK (LIFFE), French (MATIF) and US (CBOT) future prices for wheat, rapeseed, maize,
and soybean, as recorded on April 10th
. Arrows indicate rise ↑, unchanged – or fall ↓
from previous month’s predictions.
Date
LIFFE Wheat
(£/tonne)
MATIF
Wheat
(€/tonne)
MATIF
Rapeseed
(€/tonne)
CBOT Wheat
(cnts/bsh)
CBOT Maize
(cnts/bsh)
CBOT
Soybean
(cnts/bsh)
May 14 165.00 (↑) 208.25 (↓) 414.50 (↑) 669.00 (↑) 502.25 (↑) 1495.25 (↑)
Jul 14 168.15 (↑) - - 677.25 (↑) 508.00 (↑) 1478.00
Aug 14 - - 374.00 (↑) - - 1394.75 (↑)
Sep 14 - - - 687.00 (↑) 506.75 (↑) 1296.00 (↑)
Nov 14 155.50 (↓) 200.25 (↑) 374.25 (↑) - - 1227.50 (↑)
Dec 14 - - - 700.25 (↑) 505.50 (↑) -
Jan 15 159.15 (↑) 200.50 (↑) - - - 1232.50
Feb 15 - - 373.50 (↓) - - -
Mar 15 160.50 (↑) 200.50 (↑) - 712.75 (↑) 512.75 (↑) -
May 15 160.65 (↓) 200.25 (↑) 373.00 720.00 512.25 -
Jul 15 157.90 (↓) - - - - -
Aug 15 - - 367.00 - - -
For details on future prices see http://www.hgca.com
Other biomass feedstock prices are available upon request, simply contact enquiries@nnfcc.co.uk
Credits and Disclaimer
NNFCC Market Review is edited by Dr Efthalia Arvaniti for NNFCC members. Feedback is welcome. The
Review has been compiled in good faith and NNFCC does not accept responsibility for any inaccuracies or
the products or services shown.
NNFCC
The Bioeconomy Consultants
NNFCC, Biocentre, Phone: +44 (0)1904 435182
York Science Park, Fax: +44 (0)1904 435345
Innovation Way, E: enquiries@nnfcc.co.uk
Heslington, York, Web: www.nnfcc.co.uk
YO10 5DG.

Nnfcc market review feedstocks issue twentyfive april 2014

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Nnfcc market review feedstocks issue twentyfive april 2014