Pythagoras was a famous Greek mathematician and philosopher born around 570 BC in Samos, Greece. He founded a school called the Semicircle in 520 BC where he taught mathematics and philosophy. Pythagoras is best known for developing the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. He made other contributions to mathematics including triangular numbers and the concept of perfect numbers.