New swm system jan 2008

Concept for New Municipal Waste System for Cairo January 2008Current Situation Reasons Proposed SolutionThe condition of the streets Waste is now collected from Go back to collecting fromof Cairo has been containers and not just from homes door to door. Avoidprogressively becoming homes. People have bad habits bringing waste into the publicdeplorable and unsanitary related to disposing waste domain outside containers Containers have been stolen, Go back to collecting from destroyed or overturned spilling homes over onto streets. Containers are preferred by Engage unemployed youths to international companies because collect door to door using low they reduce collection costs for cost technologies. them Scavengers living on the edge of Remove containers from the survival have multiplied as they public domain. Organize now see an opportunity to scavengers in the new door to recover recyclables from bins. door collection and recycling They litter while scavenging. trade and upgrade them. They are unemployed youths! Multinationals are unable to Remove waste from the public replace stolen bins at the domain. required rate. They are fined for the dirty condition of streets. They abruptly end their contracts.Recycling Rates have Compaction trucks have • Reduce dependence ondeclined destroyed the value of the waste compaction trucks. and made it harder for revenues • Adapt collection to be obtained from the valuable vehicles to magnify resource – be in non organic or recycling. organic. This affects the entire • Organize and formalize nationwide recycling chain more recyclers outside adversely. So many poor people of Cairo; in govts. are further impoverished Sorting waste mechanically at Keep waste sorted into two composting plants recovers components only and have minimal amounts compared to youths continue to sort traditional manual methods manually but more efficientlyProposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 1CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

which are the crux of informal to prepare inputs for industry sector efficiency of recycling.The availability of waste in Poverty contexts of Cairo’s urban Engage the urban poor inthe public domain has led to poor – estimated at 30% of organized, decent collectionthe emergence of a new population. and recyclingclass of informal sectoroperators, who scavenge thebinsPrivate sector companies The stigma attached to the trade. Dignify the trade by sourcehave faced difficulties segregating household wasteattracting new entrants into and making it the source ofthis trade decent livelihoodsThe traditional household This is their trade and their Give the traditional collectorswaste collectors remain the profession. An estimated 40,000- official access to the waste,main source of labor for this 60,000 people are organized and pay them a fair fee for service,trade. have been regular in this trade for formalize, dignify and upgrade 50 years. Many others them. nationwide trade within. They provide income to their families, education for their children, etc. They work at lower wages than before because they compensate their low income from the income from recyclingResidents are disgruntled by Multinationals have to be certain Ensure that everybody getsthe fact that they are paying they will get paid. Cannot leave paid regularly the same waytwice for a reduced level of them to the whims of residents multinationals are for theservice: once on their service: zabbaliin, youthselectric bill and a second newly integrated into thetime to the traditional systemgarbage collector, albeitinformally and voluntarily.Evidence that 30% of Multinationals service high Mobilize youths in low incomemunicipal waste in Cairo is income neighborhoods through neighborhoods to enter thisstill not collected, and that the zabbaliin, in violation of their trade after dignifying it bythe neighborhoods which contracts. The zabbaliin are source segregating,suffer from this neglect are regular in collection because they formalizing, monitoring andthe low income ones. depend on the recyclables for upgrading it. survival. Zabbaliin are not interested in low income Offer cross subsidies to recyclables. collectors in low income neighborhoods, be they unemployed youths enteringProposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 2CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

into new trade of traditional zabbaliin.Zabbaliin still manage This is the only way to recover Source segregate waste intowaste in unhygienic efficiently and earn enough two components: food and nonmanner: they sort mixed money in view of the limited or food. Have zabbaliin divertwaste manually and still non existent revenues from fees food to composting plants.live in unsanitary and/or from wages from Compensate zabbaliin forneighborhoods contractors doing away with animals by paying them from carbon credit composting plants will obtain from CERs and the CDM mechanismMultinationals operating They possess know how around Limit multinationalsystem in competition with management of final disposal interventions to managementthe poor population of the sites (landfills) which natives do of sanitary landfills forcity not possess. residual waste (should not exceed 10% as per experience of zabbaliin)Waste collection from The system still operates between Don’t touch the system. Letcommercial waste the waste generators and the the market direct it.generators has not declined zabbaliin. Multinationals have not been able to penetrateFinal consumer products Traditional recycling sector Introduce incentives andmade from recycled unaware or such hazards and/or business links betweenmaterials dangerous to acting out of limited experience traditional recyclers and largehuman health and survival motives industries to absorb processed waste and produce items safe for consumersPROPOSAL FOR NEW SYSTEM FOR GREATER CAIRO: • Go back to door to door collection • Ask residents to throw their household waste into two cans: one for food one for non food. • Mount public awareness campaigns using the media, NGO’s, schools, sports events, • Do not distribute plastic bags. They are bad for the environment and residents have enough bags from shopping for groceries. • Obtain appropriate financial sources for fee for service from sources of municipal finance: e.g. governorates, municipalities, commercial registry, ministry of Finance, Tourism sector, etc. • Organize youths into small collection teams/companies/cooperatives/Ngo’s in un- served, low income neighborhoods • Keep zabbaliin serving their age old neighborhoods • Bring in unemployed youths into the clean collection and recycling trade: Teach them about sorting, recovering, processing, tradingProposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 3CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

• Allocate small depots for youths entering the trade in low income neighborhoods so that their new SME’s are close to the point of collection and they avoid transport costs. • Extend credit, electricity and protection from harassment for ALL small and medium collectors and recyclers • License everybody according to the neighborhood they serve • Zabbaliin transport dry non organic waste only in their homes and continue to recover, process, and trade • Municipal trucks or multinationals collect organic portion in neighborhoods that are not serviced by zabbaliin. They will make more money on the clean compost now produced from source segregated waste • Direct zabbaliin to transport organic fraction of waste to composting plants • Ensure that zabbaliin are paid by composting plants for clean organic waste. • Composting plants apply for Carbon Credits through the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. This will provide them with funds to pay zabbaliin • Zabbaliin to stop raising pigs or any other animals in their neighborhoods because now they can make that income from the CDM at composting plant gates. • EEAA gets portion of Carbon Credits through CMD. This allows it to pay for public awareness to promote the new system • EEAA or governorate allocates portion of revenues from CER’s through the CDM mechanism to upgraded working conditions of collectors, be they new entrants into trade from among unemployed youths or traditional zabbaliin, i.e. gloves, uniforms, clean trucks, small transfer stations, etc.What would the system look like? Household Waste Source segregated Organic (Wet) Non Organic (Dry) 50-60 % of waste 30-40% of waste Transported directly to Sorted, processed and traded by composting plants SMEs (unemployed youths) 7 jobs per ton Only 10% residual goes to landfillWhy do we think it would work? Because it has been tested in five differentlocations in Egypt and because it has been proposed to hundreds of communitygroups and accepted:Proposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 4CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

1. Manial and Deir el Malak – 1993-1994 by the Association for the Protection of the Environment (Ford Foundation) 2. Maadi: in 1996 by the Association for the Protection of the Environment (Unesco) 3. Nuweiba, South Sinai, by Hemaya Association and C.I.D. (Social Fund for Development and the EU) 4. El Zawya el Hamra in 2005 by the International Center for Environment, C.I.D. AMA el Arab and the Spirit of Youth Association for Environmental Services (Italian Debt Swap Program) 5. The American Chamber of Commerce: 1995 among offices generating waste paperThese experiments all showed that residents complied with the system from 65% in1994 to 90% in 2005. The Nuweiba model is a demonstration model which has beensustainable for TEN years. • 268 NGO in various neighborhoods are willing to adopt the practice. • 145 private and government schools have heard about source segregation and are ready to adopt itAn average 90% accepted the idea and were willing to implement it.An Unprecedented Potential Livelihood Generation Source for Unemployed YouthsThe capacity of the SME sector to develop itself has been manifested in the doubling ofinvestments in that sector compared to other sectors in Egypt. The rate of employmentgeneration within that sector amounted to 40% over 4 years (1996-2000).1 The system 1Community and Institutional Development; “The Informal Solid Waste Sector in Egypt: Prospects forFormalization”. A study conducted by C.I.D. for the Ford Foundation and funded by the Institute ofInternational Education (IIE). October 2000.Proposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 5CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

we propose would dignify the trade so that any young person with a technical diplomawould consider entering into the recycling business. Non Organic Household waste SME’s for youths and zabbaliin in collected by new SME’s for the and recovery, trading and unemployed youths and zabbaliin processing business upgraded, formalized, monitored Large industry receives processed non organic waste and produces items safe for consumer health Organic Waste Composting delivered by Plants zabbaliin to Composting Plants pay zabbaliin from Carbon Credits from CDM MechanismProposed New Waste Management System for Cairo 6CID ConsultingJanuary 2008

New swm system jan 2008

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