1. CO2 Australia
AB0401 Sustainable Enterprise
Sem02 Group 09
Adeline Graciani Sidik
Chong Cui Xin
Chong Yu Hui
Chong Ren Jie, Ian
Chua Shu Ling Jolene

2. 2
Content Page
 Carbon footprints
 Stakeholder analysis
 Alternatives and evaluation
 Critics on CO2 Australia and conclusion
 Executive summary

3. 3
Carbon Footprint
Scope
Source
Scope 1
Campus-generated electricity
Direct Transportation
Other On-Campus Stationary
Negligible
233,715
5,870
Scope 2
Purchased Electricity
Purchased Heat
47,108,012
9,774,322
Scope 3
Faculty Commuting
Student Commuting
Financed Travel
Paper Consumption
Waste
2,624,518
3,942,218
480,034
142,996
136,590
Total
Total Emission (kg), CO2
64,448,275
Students
Employees
32,984
6,612
Total per student (kg)
Total per employee (kg)
1581.32
1858.74

4. 4
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
Interests
NTU management
• Environmental friendly reputation, locally and
internationally
• Campus sustainability
• Viable environmental friendly recommendations
• Provide better facilities and learning
environment to students
• Attract more talented students, locally and
internationally
Students
• Better learning environment and resources
• Reasonable tuition and administrative fees
• Convenience- travelling to school and around
campus
• Reputation of the school
Teaching & administrative staff
• Better staff facilities and benefits

5. 5
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
Interests
Communities
• Lesser overall carbon footprints
• Healthier and greener environment
Government (National
Environment Agency)
• Environmental friendly image for
Singapore
• Reduce carbon footprints and promote the
efficient use of resources by different
industries
• Environmental sustainability in different
industries
NTU investors
• Capital return on investments
• Sustainable growth of NTU, economically
and environmentally

6. Alternatives
&
Evaluation

7. 7
1. Energy Initiatives
 Why evaluate?
 Being located in at the equator, Singapore is experiencing
summer, with an average high of 30° and low of 24°
throughout the year
 People often switch on air- conditioners to ease the high
temperature
 Air- conditioners are also vastly used to cool down data centers
 High energy levels are being consumed which leads to high
carbon footprints in Singapore
 Therefore, there is a need to provide energy initiatives and
evaluate them.

8. 8
1. Energy Initiatives
 What and how NTU should do?
Online Metering and Energy Monitoring System
Installing of meters for electricity, water and chilled water
around the campus
Assign departments to monitor the energy consumption
online to detect energy consumption “hot spots”
Enable NTU to prioritize energy conservation projects to
reduce operational costs
Centralized air- conditioning system
Maintaining the optimum temperature of 25° all around
NTU
Reduces additional energy consumption and reduces
operational (electricity) costs of NTU

9. 9
1. Energy Initiatives
Reward system for halls with lowest energy usage
Giving higher number of recommendation quota, increase
in limit for Institute-Varsity-Polytechnic (IVP) Games to
join Inter-Hall Games for halls with lowest energy usage
Motivates hall residents to play a role in conserving energy
to increase their chances of staying in hall

10. 10
1. Energy Initiatives
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Enable NTU to reduce operational
costs by conserving energy. The costs
saved can be put to other uses to
benefit the students and NTU
• Might be expensive to implement
with the installation of meters around
the campus
• Involve everyone (both staff and
students) in NTU to play a role in
reducing energy consumption
• Reward system for halls with lowest
energy usage can only motivates hall
residents to conserve energy. Others
who do not stay in hall might not be
motivated to do so
• Carbon footprints are reduced
through the energy conserved from
the efforts of the monitoring
departments and hall residents

11. 11
2. Transportation
Why evaluate?
Transport sector is the second largest contributor to
the CO2 emission in Singapore after industrial sector
Increase in car ownerships among young university
students in NTU
Shuttle bus services available within the whole
campus led to increase in CO2 emission

12. 12
2. Transportation
What should NTU do?
Bike-sharing initiatives
Engage with students in Green and Sustainable
Technologies Society to come out with feasible proposal
Reward students with NTU green rebates for subsequent
purchases of stationaries and textbooks at NTU Yunan
Bookstore
Encourage whole NTU community to cycle around the
school instead of taking shuttle or public buses and cars

13. 13
2. Transportation
What should NTU do?
Car-pooling services
Reserved carpool parking spaces throughout the campus
for all carpoolers
Set up online community to recruit interested car owners
to participate in NTU car pooling program
Engage students in Green and Sustainable Technologies
Society to explore phone applications for NTU students to
find and book cars at ease
Reward NTU green rebates

14. 14
2. Transportation
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Reduce reliance on public
transportation and private car usage
• Students may be reluctant to accept
the new alternatives in the short term
• Rewarding green rebates will
• Bike-sharing may exclude students
motivate students to take up greener
who do not know cycling
transport alternatives
• Bike-sharing allows students to move
around in the campus more
conveniently
• Raise the awareness of moving
towards green transportation by
engaging the whole NTU community

15. 3. Sustainable Waste
Management
What?
 Implement extensive and sustainable waste
management practices
Why?
 Population of 31,392 students and staff lead to high
consumption and waste disposal
 Increasing dependence on electronic device and
their decreasing lifespan means increasing e-waste
15

16. 3. Sustainable Waste
Management
How?
 Canteen oil collected and sold to Biofuel companies
 High volume consumables (Empty printer/toner
cartridges or pens) collected weekly and sent to erecyclers
 Revenue earned can be used to offset logistical and
manpower costs
16

17. 3. Sustainable Waste
Management
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Low initial costs of implementation
• Initial unacceptance of new
procedures from vendors
• Immediate result in real carbon
footprint reduction
• Measurable results enable monitoring
• Revenue model increases
sustainability of initiatives
• No effect on actual reduction of
waste creation
• Might lead to higher irresponsible
consumption due to complacency
17

18. 18
4. Infrastructure
Why evaluate?
• Energy is a key area identified by the Singapore
government that will shape the future of
Singaporeans.
• The current electricity needs which rely on oil, gas
and coal in many parts of the world will not be met
in the future because these reserves will slowly run
out.

19. 19
4. Infrastructure
 What and how NTU should do?
Clean energy practices
Upgrading NTU’s infrastructure to reduce the amount of
electricity generated by the campus Centralized air
conditioning system
NTU can attach solar panels to the roofs of all bus stops
and change their lightings to energy-saving LEDs.
Motion detectors can also be installed to control the
lighting consumption based on the utilisation of the bus
stop

20. 20
4. Infrastructure
 What and how NTU should do?
Solar panels and LEDs
Solar energy absorbed from these solar panels will be a
source of electricity for the LEDs, thus eliminating electricity
required for lighting
The use of LEDs reduces the size of the solar panels and
battery bank needed due to its energy-saving feature.
LEDs also have 80% longer lifespan as compared to nonLED lights

21. 21
4. Infrastructure
 What and how NTU should do?
Redesigning
Redesign natural spaces such as the Yunnan Gardens
or Nanyang Lake to accommodate more greenery
This would increase the capacity of the carbon sink in
NTU and reduce NTU’s net volume of CO2 produced

22. 22
4. Infrastructure
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Increased cost savings on electricity
usage in the long-run
• Initial costs of purchasing solar panels
and LED is high
• Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by
greenery and released into the
atmosphere as oxygen
• Planting more greenery is merely a
short-run solution. It is a temporary
carbon sink as carbon absorbed will
be released into the atmosphere
when the plant/trees die
• Green facilities in line with NTU’s
goal to work towards environmental
sustainability
• Enhanced reputation as NTU may
be awarded Green accreditations

23. 23
5. Online Lessons
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Reduce paper usage and electricity • Depends on individual habits e.g.
to conduct physical lessons
continue to print notes, switch on
• Commuting expenses
air-conditioning
• May not be beneficial to learning

24. Critics on CO2 Australia
and Conclusion
Alternative paths towards a carbon-neutral NTU
Purchasing carbon credits from CO2 Australia featured in the
case
Assumptions and concerns
Carbon sequestration process accredited by the New South
Wales (NSW) Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme (GGAS)→
focus on production and use of electricity→ question arises
whether the standards overlook other aspects
Mallee eucalypt plants can survive harsh drought→ in cold and
rainy seasons, the survival chances of the plants may be
questionable. ( The plant raises the capacity of the soil to retain
water. In the case of excessive flood, this may cause the soil to
be water-logged and affect the plants’ sustainability.
24

25. 25
Critics on CO2 Australia
and Conclusion
Alternative paths towards a carbon-neutral NTU
Carbon sequestration is a relatively new idea→ viability of such
carbon-reducing methods is based on research and information
e.g. the characteristics of eucalypt plants etc.→ lack of successful
track records and real evidence to substantiate the true
viability of such a model
Forestry rights up to 100 years only→ Uncertainty as to what
would happen after rights has expired. E.g. Clear the forests?

26. 26
Critics on CO2 Australia
and Conclusion
Alternative paths towards a carbon-neutral NTU
In conclusion, buying carbon credits would not tackle the root
cause of inefficient and excessive amounts of carbon emissions.
Buying carbon credits only provide easy way out to avoid the
carbon cap rather than to seek long-term measures and seek
ways to improve carbon efficiency. Further, after the
agreement with CO2 is has lapsed, organizations would be back
to square one, without increased awareness on carbon
reduction methods.

27. 27
Executive Summary
This presentation analyses the viability of the avenues
NTU can take to move towards a carbon neutral future.
All in all, we believe that transforming more classroom
lessons to the online platform together with many more
alternatives would be more effective than buying carbon
credits from CO2 Australia.
The former pushes the university to question and
improves its existing activities, while the latter only
provides an easy way out without raising the university’s
awareness on key environmental issues to become more
carbon-neutral. Further, buying carbon credits create
dependency on other organization.