SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 32
Download to read offline
0/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
CONTROLLING FOLDS WITH AN
IMPLICIT MODELLING APPROACH
AND
RIGID ELEMENT METHOD FOR GEOLOGICAL
STRUCTURAL MODELLING
Gautier Laurent
Laurent Aillères
Lachlan Grose
Guillaume Caumon
Monash
GeoRessources
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
 Expert-driven approach
 Sparse Data
 Qualitative Models
Modelling Geological Structures
 The modeller’s approach:
• Honour data
• One state = current state
 The geologist’s approach:
• Geological scenario
• Multiple phases
Approaches to GeomodellingIntroduction
1/31
Data
(current state)
time
Geological structures
(current state) Geological scenario
 Tectonics / kinematics concepts
Need to reconcile these
two approaches
 Data-driven approach
 Lots of Data
 Quantitative Models
 Part I: Provide tools to implement interactive Deformation Events
 Part II: Better integrate Structural Data for Folding
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Interactive deformation tool
ReedPart I
2/31
Part I
-
Rigid Element Embedding Deformation
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Deformation algorithm for Geomodelling
ReedPart I
3/31
Our specifications:Usage:
 Physical Consistency: looks like natural
deformations
 Interactive: fast and handy
 Robustness: don’t break during computation
 Adapted Scale: don’t loose details but don’t
compute too finely
 Parsimony: limited number of parameters
Why?
1. Rely more on geologist interpretation
2. Allow easier automation
3. Ease meshing problems
4. And we don’t have enough information
anyway…
Editing
Forward modelling
Restoration
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Another world of deformation tools
 Computer Graphics:
• Physically-based deformable models
• Extensive literature with active research
• Eg. Adaptive space deformations based on rigid cells [Botsch et al, 2007]
 Transfer to Geosciences [Laurent, 2013]
ReedPart I
4/31
Eg. [Nealen et al., 2006]
Rigid
Element
Embedding
Deformation
eed
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Reed in Geosciences [Laurent, 2013]
 Using this interactive tool in Geoscience:
• Dynamic editing of Folding structures
ReedPart I
5/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
How does Reed work?
 Four main steps:
ReedPart I
6/31
Object to be deformed
Deformation tool
Reed
1: Encapsulation in
Rigid Elements
Cost
Function0 1
3: Deformation computation
= Optimisation of a cost function
4: Displacement
Interpolation
Deformed object
2: Define Boundary Conditions
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Cost function
 Neighbourhood constraint:
• Minimise difference of displacement
• Integrated over element’s volume
ReedPart I
7/31
Ri
Ti
Rj
Tj
x
Dij
ci cj
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Displacement interpolation
 The displacement of the rigid elements is
• Interpolated on the embedded objects
• Only once at the end (performance)
• Locate each point to deform
• Compute displacement for each element
• Combine linearly
ReedPart I
8/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]
 Deformation history modelling (as in Noddy [Jessell and Valenta, 1996])
ReedPart I
9/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]
ReedPart I
10/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]
 Parameters:
• Shortening
• Axial surfaces
• Amplitude
ReedPart I
11/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]
ReedPart I
12/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Reed Pros and Cons
ReedPart I
13/31
Cons:
• Some missing behaviours
(eg. No Poisson effect)
• No Faults…
Pros:
• Interative
• Space Deformation
• Robust to extreme deformation
• Good approximation of flexural
behaviour
until now!
[Molino et al., 2004]
Question: How to introduce faults in Reed?
 Any lead in Computer Graphics?
[O’Brien and Hodgins, 1999]
Not really
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
 Requirements:
• Being able to evaluate anywhere in 3D
 The “distance” to the fault
 The direction towards the fault
 Result:
Defining a cost function for faults
ReedPart I
14/31
f = 0
f = 1
f = -1 f = -2
f = 2
f
Init
i
i+1
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Implicit Folding
Implicit modelling
Part II
-
Modifying Implicit Methods
To Actually Model Folds
Part II
15/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Defining the problems
 Time:
• 1st event: S0 (stratigraphy)
• 2nd event: F1 (folding)
• … may have more  fold interference
 Current geometry =
result of complex (multi event) history
 Data/ Measurements:
• Bedding observation:
• Stratigraphy
• Position of a contact
• Orientation of a contact
• Other structural observations:
• Hinges and Limbs
• Axial surfaces (+Fold axis)
• Vergence
• Fold type (Similar/parallel)
• Opening, Cylindricity…
ProblemsPart II
16/31
[Hudleston and Treagus, 2010]
Where
Geomodelling
packages
stops.
What we are adding.
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Implicit Modelling overview
Stratigraphy  Data Control Points + Regularisation term
BasicsPart II
17/31
 Stratigraphic value
 Orientation
 Continuous values
 Gradient vary progressively
Stratigraphy
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Discrete Implicit Modelling overview
 Discretised Region of Interest  Mesh
 Stratigraphy = piecewise-linear scalar field
 How to take fold measurements into account?
 How to overcome “constant gradient” limitations?
 limits folding and promotes parallel fold style
BasicsPart II
18/31
Stratigraphy
x
x0
v0 x1
v1
x2
v2
f(x) = λi vi
f = T . v
Build a global
system of linear
equations
Solve to build the
scalar field
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Geological structures parameterisation
 How are geological structures taken into account?
• Faults:
• Described by structural parameters
• Centre, Azimuth, Dip, Slip…
• Locality alter the mesh  interpolation
• Fold:
• Result of the smoothing of data
 Not really controlled
 Proposal:
• Fold structure  additional fields:
• Axial surface field F1:
• Related (parallel) to foliation field S1
• Easier to measure (visible in the limbs)
• Relatively consistent over the whole area
• Fold Intensity field:
• Derived from vergence and S0 observation
• Quantitative version of the vergence
• Fold axis field P1:
• Vectorial field to impose non cylindricity
MethodPart II
19/31
Vergence: Hey,
Next antiform is this
way!
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold Interpolation Process
 Interpolate S1
 Analyse the vergence to infer the Fold Intensity field
 Infer gradient direction:
• Rotation around fold axis direction P1
 Interpolate S0
MethodPart II
20/31
S1
Fold intensity
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold parameter control
 Fold centre position
MethodPart II
With classic constraints
21/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold parameter control
 Fold centre position
 Inter-limb angle
MethodPart II
With classic constraints
22/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold parameter control
 Fold centre position
 Inter-limb angle
 Axial surface orientation
MethodPart II
With classic constraints
23/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold parameter control
 Fold centre position
 Inter-limb angle
 Axial surface orientation
 Wavelength
MethodPart II
With classic constraints
24/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Fold parameter control
 Fold centre position
 Inter-limb angle
 Axial surface orientation
 Wavelength
 Tightness
MethodPart II
With classic constraints
25/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Regularisation term
 Constant gradient (classic) Parallel Fold
 Similar Fold:
• Conservation:
• Normalisation:
MethodPart II
26/31
Z
X
X0
X1
f0
f1
f0X0 . f1 = 0- X1 .
fi = LXi .
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
What can we do with that?
 Actually simulate folds instead of smoothing stratigraphy.
 Eg. Somebody said this is not possible (yet):
• ie. Interpolator smooth the folds.
 But with our constraints:
 Need to infer fold parameter.
 Optimisation/simulation process instead of simple interpolation.
ResultPart II
27/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
What else can we do?
 Fold parameters simulation:
 To infer uncertainty related to structural parameters
ResultsPart II
28/31
Measurement-related uncertainty Structural uncertainty
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
What else can we do?
 Interference patterns:
• Fold is defined by scalar field
 Use deformed geometries as S1
 Produce a deformed fold
 Strategy:
 Model latest folds first
 Constrain the geometry Fn-1 based on Fn observations
ResultsPart II
29/31
S1 (deformed by F2) S0 (deformed by F1 and F2)
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Some 3D…
 The formulation is fully 3D so no problem to go in 3D
 Implementation in 3D packages to come soon (StructuralLab/Gocad)
ResultsPart II
30/31
Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014
Contributions:
 Tools to model 3D folded geometries:
• Take advantage of complete structural observations
• Time-aware approaches:
• Reed: simulate deformation sequence
• Implicit Folding: use latest events to constrain previous ones
• Take fully advantage of implicit approaches… and extend them.
Thank you for your attention.
 Any questions?
conclusionsConclusion
31/31

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductory
Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog IntroductoryPart 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductory
Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductoryleapfrog3d
 
GMEX Introduction
GMEX IntroductionGMEX Introduction
GMEX Introductiongmex
 
Modern mining
Modern miningModern mining
Modern miningarabnubia
 
Modelling – at the heart of teaching
Modelling – at the heart of teachingModelling – at the heart of teaching
Modelling – at the heart of teachingCherwelllearning
 
Weighting of precipitation recharge
Weighting of precipitation rechargeWeighting of precipitation recharge
Weighting of precipitation rechargeMarc Diviu Franco
 
Modelling of 3D gelogical structures
Modelling of 3D gelogical structuresModelling of 3D gelogical structures
Modelling of 3D gelogical structuresZawar Khan
 
Semester Project in Reservoir Simulation
Semester Project in Reservoir SimulationSemester Project in Reservoir Simulation
Semester Project in Reservoir SimulationKonstantinos D Pandis
 

Viewers also liked (9)

Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductory
Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog IntroductoryPart 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductory
Part 1 of 4 Leapfrog Introductory
 
Manual basico de vulcan
Manual basico de vulcanManual basico de vulcan
Manual basico de vulcan
 
GMEX Introduction
GMEX IntroductionGMEX Introduction
GMEX Introduction
 
Modern mining
Modern miningModern mining
Modern mining
 
Modelling – at the heart of teaching
Modelling – at the heart of teachingModelling – at the heart of teaching
Modelling – at the heart of teaching
 
Weighting of precipitation recharge
Weighting of precipitation rechargeWeighting of precipitation recharge
Weighting of precipitation recharge
 
Modelling of 3D gelogical structures
Modelling of 3D gelogical structuresModelling of 3D gelogical structures
Modelling of 3D gelogical structures
 
Semester Project in Reservoir Simulation
Semester Project in Reservoir SimulationSemester Project in Reservoir Simulation
Semester Project in Reservoir Simulation
 
3D Facies Modeling
3D Facies Modeling3D Facies Modeling
3D Facies Modeling
 

Similar to Gautier Laurent - Implicit Modelling and volume deformation

Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...
Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...
Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...Mohamed Elawady
 
ALIAS WP6 Results
ALIAS WP6 ResultsALIAS WP6 Results
ALIAS WP6 Resultsgeigeralias
 
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming Lab
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming LabService Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming Lab
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming LabKurata Takeshi
 
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror HistogramsGlobal Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror HistogramsMohamed Elawady
 
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de Milano
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de MilanoFOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de Milano
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de MilanoCarolina Arias Muñoz
 
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1UUUI ICA
 
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...Dustin Dewett
 
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"Torben Bach
 
zero lecture.pptx
zero lecture.pptxzero lecture.pptx
zero lecture.pptxmrunmayee20
 
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiencesIntegrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiencesIEA-ETSAP
 
Lecture_2_Stats.pdf
Lecture_2_Stats.pdfLecture_2_Stats.pdf
Lecture_2_Stats.pdfpaijitk
 
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofield
Engineering surveying, 5...ition   w. schofieldEngineering surveying, 5...ition   w. schofield
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofieldrnkhan
 
Engineering surveying by schofield
Engineering surveying by schofieldEngineering surveying by schofield
Engineering surveying by schofieldahmad puji ardi
 
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)Matthew Leingang
 
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...Mokhtar SELLAMI
 

Similar to Gautier Laurent - Implicit Modelling and volume deformation (20)

ACT Science Coffee - Luisa Buinhas
ACT Science Coffee - Luisa BuinhasACT Science Coffee - Luisa Buinhas
ACT Science Coffee - Luisa Buinhas
 
Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...
Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...
Multiple Reflection Symmetry Detection via Linear-Directional Kernel Density ...
 
Predicting from GPS and Accelerometer Data When and Where Tourists Have Viewe...
Predicting fromGPS and Accelerometer DataWhen and Where Tourists Have Viewe...Predicting fromGPS and Accelerometer DataWhen and Where Tourists Have Viewe...
Predicting from GPS and Accelerometer Data When and Where Tourists Have Viewe...
 
ALIAS WP6 Results
ALIAS WP6 ResultsALIAS WP6 Results
ALIAS WP6 Results
 
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming Lab
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming LabService Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming Lab
Service Kaizen through Lab-forming Field & Field-forming Lab
 
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror HistogramsGlobal Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms
Global Bilateral Symmetry Detection Using Multiscale Mirror Histograms
 
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de Milano
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de MilanoFOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de Milano
FOSS4G in Europe; Italy and the Politecnico de Milano
 
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1
ICC2017 UUUI sessions 5104-1
 
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...
 
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"
Fast modelling of Airborne EM data using "Smart Interpretation"
 
zero lecture.pptx
zero lecture.pptxzero lecture.pptx
zero lecture.pptx
 
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiencesIntegrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
Integrated Energy and Climate plans: approaches, practices and experiences
 
Lecture_2_Stats.pdf
Lecture_2_Stats.pdfLecture_2_Stats.pdf
Lecture_2_Stats.pdf
 
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofield
Engineering surveying, 5...ition   w. schofieldEngineering surveying, 5...ition   w. schofield
Engineering surveying, 5...ition w. schofield
 
Engineering surveying by schofield
Engineering surveying by schofieldEngineering surveying by schofield
Engineering surveying by schofield
 
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rambling Activities: Approach to Inferring Visitor...
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rambling Activities: Approach to Inferring Visitor...Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rambling Activities: Approach to Inferring Visitor...
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Rambling Activities: Approach to Inferring Visitor...
 
Udirect: accurate and reliable estimation of the facing direction of the mobi...
Udirect: accurate and reliable estimation of the facing direction of the mobi...Udirect: accurate and reliable estimation of the facing direction of the mobi...
Udirect: accurate and reliable estimation of the facing direction of the mobi...
 
Lean philosophy
Lean philosophyLean philosophy
Lean philosophy
 
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)
Lesson 22: Optimization II (Section 041 handout)
 
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...
Cari2020 Parallel Hybridization for SAT: An Efficient Combination of Search S...
 

More from The University of Western Australia

Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...
Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...
Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...The University of Western Australia
 
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)The University of Western Australia
 
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...The University of Western Australia
 
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...The University of Western Australia
 
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...The University of Western Australia
 
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - - 3-7 August 2015
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - -  3-7 August 2015 First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - -  3-7 August 2015
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - - 3-7 August 2015 The University of Western Australia
 
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)The University of Western Australia
 
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...The University of Western Australia
 

More from The University of Western Australia (20)

Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...
Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...
Mark Jessell - Assessing and mitigating uncertainty in 3D geological models i...
 
3D modelling and inversion in escript
3D modelling and inversion in escript3D modelling and inversion in escript
3D modelling and inversion in escript
 
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)
3D model of a Ni-Cu-PGE ore body - Margaux Le Vaillant and June Hill (CSIRO)
 
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...
Innovative methods in geostatistics from studies in Chilean copper deposits -...
 
John McGaughey - Towards integrated interpretation
John McGaughey - Towards integrated interpretationJohn McGaughey - Towards integrated interpretation
John McGaughey - Towards integrated interpretation
 
Mark Jessell - The topology of geology
Mark Jessell - The topology of geologyMark Jessell - The topology of geology
Mark Jessell - The topology of geology
 
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...
Integration of geological and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint ...
 
David Lumley - 4D uncertainty - Nov 11, 2015
David Lumley - 4D uncertainty - Nov 11, 2015David Lumley - 4D uncertainty - Nov 11, 2015
David Lumley - 4D uncertainty - Nov 11, 2015
 
Francky Fouedjio - Synthetic data analytics
Francky Fouedjio - Synthetic data analyticsFrancky Fouedjio - Synthetic data analytics
Francky Fouedjio - Synthetic data analytics
 
Peter Schaubs - GeoLena November 11, 2015
Peter Schaubs - GeoLena November 11, 2015Peter Schaubs - GeoLena November 11, 2015
Peter Schaubs - GeoLena November 11, 2015
 
Synthetic geology dataset - June Hill CSIRO
Synthetic geology dataset - June Hill CSIROSynthetic geology dataset - June Hill CSIRO
Synthetic geology dataset - June Hill CSIRO
 
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...
Scenario Testing and Sensitivity Analysis for 3-D Kinematic Models and Geophy...
 
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - - 3-7 August 2015
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - -  3-7 August 2015 First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - -  3-7 August 2015
First circular - Saying goodbye to a 3D Earth - - 3-7 August 2015
 
Cell Based Associations - Evren Pakyuz-Charrier (CET/UWA)
Cell Based Associations - Evren Pakyuz-Charrier (CET/UWA)Cell Based Associations - Evren Pakyuz-Charrier (CET/UWA)
Cell Based Associations - Evren Pakyuz-Charrier (CET/UWA)
 
3D Geoscience at GSWA - Klaus Gessner (GSWA)
3D Geoscience at GSWA - Klaus Gessner (GSWA)3D Geoscience at GSWA - Klaus Gessner (GSWA)
3D Geoscience at GSWA - Klaus Gessner (GSWA)
 
Uncertainty in Geological Mapping - Lachlan Grose (Monash Uni.)
Uncertainty in Geological Mapping - Lachlan Grose (Monash Uni.)Uncertainty in Geological Mapping - Lachlan Grose (Monash Uni.)
Uncertainty in Geological Mapping - Lachlan Grose (Monash Uni.)
 
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)
20 years of 3D structural modelling - Laurent Ailleres (Monash University)
 
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...
  Information Theory and the Analysis of Uncertainties in a Spatial Geologi...
 
Mark Jessell - Next Generation 3D Modelling
Mark Jessell - Next Generation 3D ModellingMark Jessell - Next Generation 3D Modelling
Mark Jessell - Next Generation 3D Modelling
 
Florian Wellmann: Uncertainties in 3D Models
Florian Wellmann: Uncertainties in 3D ModelsFlorian Wellmann: Uncertainties in 3D Models
Florian Wellmann: Uncertainties in 3D Models
 

Recently uploaded

Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersAndreaLucarelli
 
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptx
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptxGenetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptx
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptxaishnasrivastava
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024suelcarter1
 
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...Sérgio Sacani
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrashi Coaching
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. MUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
 
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WayShiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WaySérgio Sacani
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabkiyorndlab
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxmarwaahmad357
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.ShwetaHattimare
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestAkashDTejwani
 
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jets
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jetsThermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jets
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jetsSérgio Sacani
 
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eye
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eyeGender board diversity spillovers and the public eye
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eyeGRAPE
 
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenome
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenomeGenomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenome
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenomeAjay Kumar Mahato
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusPradnya Wadekar
 
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba casoft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba caohsadfeeling
 
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsbiosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsSafaFallah
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxkastureyashashree
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptxVaishnaviAware
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and EngineersPhysics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
Physics Serway Jewett 6th edition for Scientists and Engineers
 
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptx
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptxGenetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptx
Genetic Engineering in bacteria for resistance.pptx
 
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
RCPE terms and cycles scenarios as of March 2024
 
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...
Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky...
 
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रKrishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
Krishi Vigyan Kendras - कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
 
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky WayShiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
Shiva and Shakti: Presumed Proto-Galactic Fragments in the Inner Milky Way
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
 
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docxApplied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
Applied Biochemistry feedback_M Ahwad 2023.docx
 
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
Role of Herbs in Cosmetics in Cosmetic Science.
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
 
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jets
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jetsThermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jets
Thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars reveal the speed of their jets
 
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eye
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eyeGender board diversity spillovers and the public eye
Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eye
 
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenome
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenomeGenomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenome
Genomics and Bioinformatics basics from genome to phenome
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
 
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba casoft skills question paper set for bba ca
soft skills question paper set for bba ca
 
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsbiosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
 
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptxBureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
Bureau of Indian Standards Specification of Shampoo.pptx
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
 

Gautier Laurent - Implicit Modelling and volume deformation

  • 1. 0/31 Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 CONTROLLING FOLDS WITH AN IMPLICIT MODELLING APPROACH AND RIGID ELEMENT METHOD FOR GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING Gautier Laurent Laurent Aillères Lachlan Grose Guillaume Caumon Monash GeoRessources
  • 2. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014  Expert-driven approach  Sparse Data  Qualitative Models Modelling Geological Structures  The modeller’s approach: • Honour data • One state = current state  The geologist’s approach: • Geological scenario • Multiple phases Approaches to GeomodellingIntroduction 1/31 Data (current state) time Geological structures (current state) Geological scenario  Tectonics / kinematics concepts Need to reconcile these two approaches  Data-driven approach  Lots of Data  Quantitative Models  Part I: Provide tools to implement interactive Deformation Events  Part II: Better integrate Structural Data for Folding
  • 3. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Interactive deformation tool ReedPart I 2/31 Part I - Rigid Element Embedding Deformation
  • 4. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Deformation algorithm for Geomodelling ReedPart I 3/31 Our specifications:Usage:  Physical Consistency: looks like natural deformations  Interactive: fast and handy  Robustness: don’t break during computation  Adapted Scale: don’t loose details but don’t compute too finely  Parsimony: limited number of parameters Why? 1. Rely more on geologist interpretation 2. Allow easier automation 3. Ease meshing problems 4. And we don’t have enough information anyway… Editing Forward modelling Restoration
  • 5. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Another world of deformation tools  Computer Graphics: • Physically-based deformable models • Extensive literature with active research • Eg. Adaptive space deformations based on rigid cells [Botsch et al, 2007]  Transfer to Geosciences [Laurent, 2013] ReedPart I 4/31 Eg. [Nealen et al., 2006] Rigid Element Embedding Deformation eed
  • 6. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Reed in Geosciences [Laurent, 2013]  Using this interactive tool in Geoscience: • Dynamic editing of Folding structures ReedPart I 5/31
  • 7. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 How does Reed work?  Four main steps: ReedPart I 6/31 Object to be deformed Deformation tool Reed 1: Encapsulation in Rigid Elements Cost Function0 1 3: Deformation computation = Optimisation of a cost function 4: Displacement Interpolation Deformed object 2: Define Boundary Conditions
  • 8. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Cost function  Neighbourhood constraint: • Minimise difference of displacement • Integrated over element’s volume ReedPart I 7/31 Ri Ti Rj Tj x Dij ci cj
  • 9. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Displacement interpolation  The displacement of the rigid elements is • Interpolated on the embedded objects • Only once at the end (performance) • Locate each point to deform • Compute displacement for each element • Combine linearly ReedPart I 8/31
  • 10. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]  Deformation history modelling (as in Noddy [Jessell and Valenta, 1996]) ReedPart I 9/31
  • 11. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 A more complete example [Laurent, 2013] ReedPart I 10/31
  • 12. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 A more complete example [Laurent, 2013]  Parameters: • Shortening • Axial surfaces • Amplitude ReedPart I 11/31
  • 13. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 A more complete example [Laurent, 2013] ReedPart I 12/31
  • 14. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Reed Pros and Cons ReedPart I 13/31 Cons: • Some missing behaviours (eg. No Poisson effect) • No Faults… Pros: • Interative • Space Deformation • Robust to extreme deformation • Good approximation of flexural behaviour until now! [Molino et al., 2004] Question: How to introduce faults in Reed?  Any lead in Computer Graphics? [O’Brien and Hodgins, 1999] Not really
  • 15. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014  Requirements: • Being able to evaluate anywhere in 3D  The “distance” to the fault  The direction towards the fault  Result: Defining a cost function for faults ReedPart I 14/31 f = 0 f = 1 f = -1 f = -2 f = 2 f Init i i+1
  • 16. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Implicit Folding Implicit modelling Part II - Modifying Implicit Methods To Actually Model Folds Part II 15/31
  • 17. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Defining the problems  Time: • 1st event: S0 (stratigraphy) • 2nd event: F1 (folding) • … may have more  fold interference  Current geometry = result of complex (multi event) history  Data/ Measurements: • Bedding observation: • Stratigraphy • Position of a contact • Orientation of a contact • Other structural observations: • Hinges and Limbs • Axial surfaces (+Fold axis) • Vergence • Fold type (Similar/parallel) • Opening, Cylindricity… ProblemsPart II 16/31 [Hudleston and Treagus, 2010] Where Geomodelling packages stops. What we are adding.
  • 18. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Implicit Modelling overview Stratigraphy  Data Control Points + Regularisation term BasicsPart II 17/31  Stratigraphic value  Orientation  Continuous values  Gradient vary progressively Stratigraphy
  • 19. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Discrete Implicit Modelling overview  Discretised Region of Interest  Mesh  Stratigraphy = piecewise-linear scalar field  How to take fold measurements into account?  How to overcome “constant gradient” limitations?  limits folding and promotes parallel fold style BasicsPart II 18/31 Stratigraphy x x0 v0 x1 v1 x2 v2 f(x) = λi vi f = T . v Build a global system of linear equations Solve to build the scalar field
  • 20. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Geological structures parameterisation  How are geological structures taken into account? • Faults: • Described by structural parameters • Centre, Azimuth, Dip, Slip… • Locality alter the mesh  interpolation • Fold: • Result of the smoothing of data  Not really controlled  Proposal: • Fold structure  additional fields: • Axial surface field F1: • Related (parallel) to foliation field S1 • Easier to measure (visible in the limbs) • Relatively consistent over the whole area • Fold Intensity field: • Derived from vergence and S0 observation • Quantitative version of the vergence • Fold axis field P1: • Vectorial field to impose non cylindricity MethodPart II 19/31 Vergence: Hey, Next antiform is this way!
  • 21. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold Interpolation Process  Interpolate S1  Analyse the vergence to infer the Fold Intensity field  Infer gradient direction: • Rotation around fold axis direction P1  Interpolate S0 MethodPart II 20/31 S1 Fold intensity
  • 22. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold parameter control  Fold centre position MethodPart II With classic constraints 21/31
  • 23. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold parameter control  Fold centre position  Inter-limb angle MethodPart II With classic constraints 22/31
  • 24. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold parameter control  Fold centre position  Inter-limb angle  Axial surface orientation MethodPart II With classic constraints 23/31
  • 25. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold parameter control  Fold centre position  Inter-limb angle  Axial surface orientation  Wavelength MethodPart II With classic constraints 24/31
  • 26. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Fold parameter control  Fold centre position  Inter-limb angle  Axial surface orientation  Wavelength  Tightness MethodPart II With classic constraints 25/31
  • 27. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Regularisation term  Constant gradient (classic) Parallel Fold  Similar Fold: • Conservation: • Normalisation: MethodPart II 26/31 Z X X0 X1 f0 f1 f0X0 . f1 = 0- X1 . fi = LXi .
  • 28. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 What can we do with that?  Actually simulate folds instead of smoothing stratigraphy.  Eg. Somebody said this is not possible (yet): • ie. Interpolator smooth the folds.  But with our constraints:  Need to infer fold parameter.  Optimisation/simulation process instead of simple interpolation. ResultPart II 27/31
  • 29. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 What else can we do?  Fold parameters simulation:  To infer uncertainty related to structural parameters ResultsPart II 28/31 Measurement-related uncertainty Structural uncertainty
  • 30. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 What else can we do?  Interference patterns: • Fold is defined by scalar field  Use deformed geometries as S1  Produce a deformed fold  Strategy:  Model latest folds first  Constrain the geometry Fn-1 based on Fn observations ResultsPart II 29/31 S1 (deformed by F2) S0 (deformed by F1 and F2)
  • 31. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Some 3D…  The formulation is fully 3D so no problem to go in 3D  Implementation in 3D packages to come soon (StructuralLab/Gocad) ResultsPart II 30/31
  • 32. Dr Gautier Laurent 3D Interest Group Meeting 10th June 2014 Contributions:  Tools to model 3D folded geometries: • Take advantage of complete structural observations • Time-aware approaches: • Reed: simulate deformation sequence • Implicit Folding: use latest events to constrain previous ones • Take fully advantage of implicit approaches… and extend them. Thank you for your attention.  Any questions? conclusionsConclusion 31/31

Editor's Notes

  1. - merci au jury -> évaluer mes travaux de thèse - portent sur : (voir titre)