Semantic Web For Hack Days

Photo by JJ Halans Semantic Mashups for Hack Days Laurent Lefort, CSIRO ICT Centre, Information Engineering Laboratory Canberra Semantic Meetup, 2 August 2010

Bio • Over 25 years ago: Computer science engineer • Almost 10 years ago: CSIRO ICT Centre, Canberra • Over 5 years ago: Semantic Web researcher • Ontology design patterns • 1 year ago: W3C Australia Office manager & guest programmer for the W3C Track at Web Directions South • Armin Haller (Meetup co-organiser) is now in charge of the Australian Office • About 1 year ago: GovHack host • Now: W3C Semantic Sensor Network XG co-chair • To be continued … CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Taste le … I use 1 (Gloze) I want to use more PURLz 2 Linked Data Api Callimachus I don’t use (yet) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

My semantic web journey 1995 2004 2006 2007 2008 Surfing www OWL-ifying EL+-ifying OWL-ifying OWL-ifying to learn the “mother aircraft data to water vocabs O&M-based stds: about o. from of all color test reasoners (4-in-one o.) uml, xsd, vocabs Gio W.? charts” over large o. 1000 Process IN WHERE Sampling Sampled Feature Observation WHAT 100 Action W Feature Feature property Sensor HE Station Water N Site (Instrument) Platform Feature Gauge/weir 10 Fact++ layout/profile Temporal types Time* Geometrical types RACER Event Result type Pellet(Direct) Result Survey type 1 Coord. Sys CEL Vertical Coord. Sys 0.1 Multi-dependent concepts Chemistry Observed Taxa Feature-dep. parameters Features types property Quantities Feature-indep. parameters 0.01 Abstract concepts Units Semi-abstract concepts Procedure Medium 1 2 5 6 3 2 0 9 4 7 7 Fraction o1 o1 o6 o5 o2 o2 o3 o4 o2 o5 o2 Semi-primitive concepts Primitive concepts Metadata ? ? Institution Security classif. O&M amd GFM stereotypes and project Processing & ? Transaction type Classes w/ ident. instances System interpolation ? and author Missing data Simple classes Validation & ? Onto category to be defined quality flag ? Time* : two O&M stereotypes (sampling time and result time) 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 SKOS-ifying Triplifying Semantic Semantic Linking Open UoM and UoM and Sensor Markup for Standards ! quantities quantities ontology XML-based stds = xlink:role C = xlink:href myC CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Semantic Web and Web of Data Linked Open Data SKOS with data user Also uses SPARQL Ontologist SKOS without data Will use OWLLink I want both I need loose coupling (follow my nose) I need tight coupling (reasoner-boosted links) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

The Semantic Intensity scale • RIF: to exchange rules among rule High Intensity systems (which use a logic which is different to what OWL uses) • ---- Ontologies stop here ---- • OWL2: description logic stretched as far as possible without breaking it: richer axioms, meta-modelling, additional 2 capabilities to handle data • OWL 1: triples arranged according to 1 description logic principles • SPARQL: triples arranged according to “web-ready schema” • SKOS: triples structured as thesaurus, simple taxonomies • RDF: triples Low Intensity apps CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Producing good quality ontologies can help to get good linked data pathways • An ontology is always an approximation of the intended model • To avoid mismatches between the intent and the result, it is better to have: • domain experts with a broader knowledge of the domain • experts with a narrower field of expertise • But for experts to work efficiently together, you’ll need to solve the linguistic issues first Figure by Krzysztof Janowicz, “invited expert”, SSN XG CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Solving linguistic issues (W3C Semantic Sensor Network XG example) • VIM_terms • Measurement (VIM 2.1): process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity • Measurement (MINET): Process of associating numbers, in an empirical and objective way, to characteristics of objects and events of the real world in a way so as to describe them • SWE_terms • Measurement (noun) (SensorML): an observation whose result is a measure • Measurement (verb) (SensorML): An instance of a procedure to estimate the value of a natural phenomenon, typically involving an instrument or sensor. This is implemented as a dynamic feature type, which has a property containing the result of the measurement. The measurement feature also has a location, time, and reference to the method used to determine the value. A measurement feature effectively binds a value to a location and to a method or instrument. • Wikipedia_terms • Measurement (Wikipedia) In science, measurement is the process of obtaining the magnitude of a quantity, such as length or mass, relative to a unit of measurement, such as a meter or a kilogram. The term can also be used to refer to the result obtained after performing the process. • Tip: check if Wikipedia has a disambiguation list CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

OWL in Protege Protégé is coupled to a description logic reasoner which can infer subsumption relationships CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

SKOS example in SESAME (with data) RDF data can be queried by others using a REST- based service (what is know as a SPARQL endpoint) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

OWL with data in Protégé OWL skeleton populated with data (here SysML-QUDV) Must have: a def. and a citation CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Semantic Mashup options across the 3 main families of W3C standards: XML, Semantic Web and HTML XML + HTML HTML + content (e.g. KML) from SPARQL endpoints: OWL, SKOS, RDF HTML + RDFa HTML + RDFa + content sourced from annotated XML, SPARQL endpoints or even other RDFa pages “Lifted” XML XML annotated with OWL, SKOS, RDF CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days Semantic Web resources

Linking Open Standards • Watch for the transition from XML-based standards to either RDF-only or hybrid XML-RDF standards • Watch for the transition from HTML-based standards to either hybrid XML-RDF-HTML standards • Standard Development Organisations should work together to agree on common approaches to: • Develop and apply a core set of principles and methods to mix specifications snippets from XML, RDF and HTML • Including extensible APIs like the SPARQL and RDFa • Allow tight and loose couplings • between ontologies • between ontologies and linked open data resources • between linked open data resources • Split ontologies into manageable modules: the issue here is that the definition of a module can vary a lot … CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

For the semantic hack fest, we have the Open Data, but it’s not linked (not avail. as SPARQL)! CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

LOD constellation: 13.1 billions triples and 142 millions RDF links (late 2009) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Adding Australian content to the LOD constellation Geo/Gov, People/communities, Science Doap- space Flickr TO DO: exporter Australian clouds Crunch FOAF base Profiles SIOC Revyu Sites Open- Guides flickr ? DBLP RKBEx Geo- Project Pub Guide names Euro- Guten- berg wrappr ? Virtuoso Sponger plorer stat eprints Open Calais ? Linked RKBECS riese World MDB South- Fact- ampton IEEE book Linked RDF Book GeoData DBpedia Mashup US Census lingvoj Freebase W3C DBLP CiteSeer Data Word Hann Net over Gov- DBLP UMBEL Track Berlin Open Cyc Yago Also to consider … TO DO: Australian links all the cultural clouds (e.g. Music) All the health & life sciences clouds CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Class-to-Class link pathways in the UMBEL LOD Constellation (Oct 2008) damltime -- Time Zone o. doap -- Description of a Project o. foaf -- Friend-of-a-Friend o. geo -- Geo wgs84 o. geonames -- GeoNames o. opencyc -- OpenCyc knowledge base sioc -- Socially Interlinked Online Communities o. sioc_types -- SIOC extension umbel -- Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer o. wordnet -- WordNet lexical o. CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Why a semantic hack fest? To ease the transition from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 • Mashups developed for govhack, apps4nsw, app-my-state VIC have used semantic web technos very rarely • Report of the Gov 2.0 Taskforce • […] Information should be: free, easily discoverable, based on open standards and therefore machine-readable, properly documented and therefore understandable, licensed to permit free reuse and transformation by others • […] governments have a role to play in leading and encouraging the uptake of Web 3.0 technologies in support of greater innovation based on the reuse of public sector information and enhanced citizen/government interaction. • e.g. RDFa usage in data.gov.au • Having a semantic hack fest can help: • To demonstrate benefits on concrete examples: hack days are a great way to get awesome results • To accelerate adoption at a larger scale by industry CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

The Amped Hack day • Two free events organised by Web Directions South at the end of the Web Directions Conference • Atlanta September 25th • Sydney October 16th • Sydney event • Hosted by the PowerHouse Museum • Not yet fully booked: http://ampedweb.org/ • John Allsopp “likes the idea” • Semantic Geeks! I love it. I think this is a great addition. CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Semantic Mashup for Hack days: What’s required • Ontologies which could add value to mashups: e.g. my colour ontology for images,, … • Australian content to play with: triplified (linkable) datasets for different domains: .gov (and .com, .org), geo + …, science, libraries/museums • Lots of tools with hackable examples • More publicity: • Semantic hackfest talk scheduled in the W3C Australia track at the Web Directions South Conference (just before Amped). • Public announcement elsewhere: SW Meetup, THATCamp, others? • A workspace or two: one to prepare and one for the hack fest participants • Helpers (before the hack day) and mentors (during the event) for all of the above CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Ideas for the hack day • 1st idea. Mix: • Paul Hagon Searching by Colour Metadata Australia 2010 • My colour ontology (need some rework) • If we put the two approaches together, we should learn if: • We can build a better colour ontology • We can build better links between colours and tags or topics • We can demonstrate that ontologies are really adding value • 2nd idea. Mix: • Govhack’s mashups based on data about organisations (companies, government agencies) • The organisation ontology published by Epimorphics CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Paul’s idea: correlate the flickr tags and the colours of images selected with image magick Paul Hagon Searching by Colour Metadata Australia 2010 CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Bonus we can have a colour ontology which provides the true tags Color Quale Spatial Region • HTML tables • 267 centroids • 1000’s of individual colours Munsell http://tx4.us/ Hue NBS ISCC centroids Individual colors CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

It is also citeable: the original references are provided Kelly and Judd (1976) Color Universal Language and Dictionary of Names. National Bureau of Standards special publication 440 Maerz and Paul, Dictionary of Color Plochere Color System Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature Taylor, Knoche & Granville, Descriptive Color Names Dictionary Textile Color Card Association Standard Color Card of America and U.S. Army Color Card American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists and Society of Dyers and Colourists Colour Terms in Biology, H.A. Dade Federal Specification TT-C-595, Colors; (for) Ready-Mixed Paints Horticultural Colour Charts, R. F. Wilson Commercial Standard CS147-47, Colors for Molded Urea Plastics Commercial Standard CS156-49, Colors for Polystyrene Plastics National Research Council, Rock-Color Chart Postage-Stamp Color Names, William H. Beck U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Charts House and Garden magazine, in Supplementary Index of Color names (Dictionary of Color) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Random example Amber Yellow http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-a.htm CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Another example: organizations (.gov, .com and .org.) • Some effort required to fix the missing links: ontology then data • Company codes: ANZSIC vs. UNSPCC • Government codes: AGIFT thesaurus vs. UK’s Government Category List • Epimorphics (UK) and W3C eGov IG working on this topic • Organization ontology developed to be LOD-ready CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Linked Open Data (LOD) opportunities • W3C • eGov IG or incubators • local initiative (W3C Australia to help – status to be defined) • W3C track speakers (Web Directions South) • Linked Open Data Around the Clock project (EU) • Contact: Michael Hausenblas (DERI) • Semantic Web Atlanta already involved (advisory committee) • Amped hack day • Opportunity to engage with front end developers • Opportunity to liaise with other SW Meetups (Sydney in Australia, Atlanta and maybe Austin in the US) CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

CSIRO ICT Centre Laurent Lefort @laurentlefort Ontologist, Information Engineering Lab W3C Australia Office @W3CAustralia Photo: Web Directions CC BY-NC 2.0 CSIRO. Semantic Mashups for Hack days

Semantic Web For Hack Days

by Laurent Lefort on Aug 26, 2010

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